Visnaga daucoides
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Visnaga daucoides is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by many common names, including toothpick-plant,[1] toothpickweed,[2] bisnaga, khella, or sometimes bishop's weed. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but it can be found throughout the world as an introduced species.[3]
Description
This is an erect annual plant growing from a taproot to a maximum height near Script error: No such module "convert".. The leaves are up to Script error: No such module "convert". long and generally oval to triangular in shape but dissected into many small linear to lance-shaped segments. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of white flowers similar to those of other Apiaceae species. The fruit is a compressed oval-shaped body less than 3 millimeters long. This species is a source of khellin, a diuretic extract.
Like its close relative Ammi majus, Visnaga daucoides is commonly seen in gardens where it is grown from seed annually.[4]
Some authorities regard Visnaga daucoides as a synonym of Ammi visnaga; and it is still widely referenced under that name.[5]
Traditional medicine
In Egypt, a tea made from the fruit of this species has been used as a herbal remedy for kidney stones.[6]
Preparations of the fruits have also been used for angina pectoris therapy.[7]
Laboratory research
Laboratory rat studies show that the extract slows the buildup of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and acts as a diuretic.[8][9] Its clinical effects in humans are unknown.
Chemical constituents
Khellin, a chemical compound obtained from Visnaga daucoides, was used at one time as a smooth muscle relaxant, but its use is now limited due to adverse side effects.[10] Amiodarone and cromoglycate are synthetic derivatives of khellin with fewer side effects which were developed for use in modern medicine.Template:Medcn
Visnagin is another chemical compound found in Visnaga daucoides, which is toxic if ingested in the pure state.[11] Visnadine is a natural vasodilator found in Visnaga daucoides.
References
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External links
- Jepson Manual Treatment
- Template:GRIN
- Photo gallery
- Botanical drawing
- Fructus Ammi Visnagae WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 3