Ganghwa Island
Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters". Ganghwa Island (Korean: Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Category handler), also Ganghwado, is an island in Ganghwa County, Incheon, South Korea. It is in the Yellow Sea and in an estuary of the Han River.
The island is separated from Gimpo (on the South Korean mainland) by a narrow channel spanned by two bridges, and from Kaesong (Gaeseong) in North Korea by the main channel of the Han River. It offers some of the closest views in the South of North Korean villages, which can be seen on clear days from less than two kilometers.[1]
It is strategically located, controlling access to the river, which runs through former Joseon and South Korea's capital, Seoul. Its fortifications were repeatedly attacked in the 19th century. With an area of Template:Cvt, it constitutes most of Ganghwa County (a division of Incheon). The island has a population of about 65,500, half of whom live in Ganghwa Town (Ganghwa-eup) in the northeast.
Name
Before the 10th century, the island went by various names, including Haegu (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; lit. mouth of the seaTemplate:Category handler), Hyeolgu (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; lit. openingTemplate:Category handler), Gangha (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; lit. below river[s]Template:Category handler).[2]
In 940, during the Goryeo period, it received its current name, which means "beautiful [town by the] river".[2]
Former romanizations include "Kang-hoa"Template:Sfnp and "Kang-hwa".
Geography
The island is in the estuary of Korea's Han River. It is South Korea's fourth-largest island, with an area of Template:Cvt, and has a coastline of Script error: No such module "convert".. Over time, land reclamation projects for agricultural purposes have increased the island's size.[2]
The island has a number of mountains. The tallest is Manisan, in the south of the island, with a height of Template:Cvt. Also on the island are Jingangsan (Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Category handler), Goryeosan, Nakjobong (Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Category handler), Hyeolgusan (Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Category handler), and Byeollipsan (Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Category handler).[2]
The island was originally connected to the mainland, but became separate over time via erosion. Mudflats now surround the island.[2]
Climate
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History
The island was part of Ganghwa-hyeon in the early Goryeo period. It became part of Ganghwa-bu in 1377. It became part of Ganghwa County in Gyeonggi Province (Keiki-dō) in 1914, and remained so until 1994, when it became part of Incheon Metropolitan City.[2]
The island was the site of the 1866 French expedition to Korea,[3] the 1871 United States expedition to Korea, the Battle of Ganghwa,[4] and the 1875 Ganghwa Island incident with Japan.[5] In 1876 Korea was forced to sign with Japan the Treaty of Ganghwa, which was named for the island.[6]
Transportation
In 1969, the Template:Ill was constructed between the island and the mainland. The bridge was replaced in 1997. The Template:Ill opened in 2002.[2]
Tourism
The island has stone tombs that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site series Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites.[2]
Ganghwa Nadeulgil is a 20-trail walking tour, illustrating the mudflat ecology and avian migratory habitats from prehistory to the Joseon dynasty.
Seongmodo is a level Script error: No such module "convert". trail through a forest and the island's only beach, ending at a temple.[7]
Pungmul Market is a food market selling grain, vegetables, fruits, seafood, meat, fish, tofu, and ginseng.
Goryeogung is a palace site of Goryeo from 1232 to 1270 in Incheon.
Manisan is Ganghwa's tallest mountain and home to Chamseongdan Altar, where Dangun Wanggeom reportedly performed ancestral rites.[8]
Festivals
- Goryeo Azalea Festival: Mid-April at Dolmen Square on Goryeo Mountain[9][10]
- Template:Ill: Early October at Oepo-ri dock[11][10]
- Ganghwa Foundation Day Grand Festival: October 1–3 in Chamseongdan on Manisan[12]
- Ganghwa Goryeo Ginseng Festival: Mid-October[10]
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The island's turnip (Brassica rapa) has been cultivated for over 1,000 years. Its moisture content is over 90% and its main component is carbohydrate. The dark-purple, taproot vegetable has a mustardy scent and tastes like ginseng. Its seeds and the fully grown vegetable are used in folk remedies and Oriental medicine. Its leaves have vitamins, and its roots contain tryptophan and glycyrrhizin. Said to prevent cancer, the turnip helps cure skin diseases, digestive ailments, tuberculosis, and respiratory disease with an anti-bacterial effect.[13][14]
Notable people
- CoreJJ, birth name Jo Yong-in, professional League of Legends player[15]
- All three members of the K-Pop boygroup M.O.N.T (Bitsaeon, Narachan and Roda).
See also
References
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Sources
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