Kale (Welsh Roma)
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The Kale Template:IPAc-en (also Kalé, Kalá, Valshanange; Template:Langx) are a Romani subgroup predominantly found in northwestern Wales, specifically in the Welsh-speaking areas. Roma have been present in Wales since the 16th century.[1]
The Kale were traditionally renowned musicians, and are reported to have introduced the fiddle to Wales.[2][3] They were also known for their distinctive styles of clothing, dance, poetry and storytelling.[2][4][5]
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The Kale are closely related to the Romanichal, Romanisael, Kaale and Scottish Lowland Roma.[6][7] They are considered part of the Gypsy (Romani), Roma and Traveller (GRT) community.[8] Romanichal are present in South Wales (in and around Cardiff, Swansea and Newport) and North East Wales (in and around Wrexham as well as in parts of Wales close to Liverpool and Chester). The Romani people can trace their origins to South Asia, likely in the regions of present-day Punjab, Rajasthan and Sindh.[9][10][11][12]
Language
The Kale spoke the traditional Welsh Romani language (Kalá) until at least the 1950s, when the language became a mixed language.[5][13] The traditional language was primarily composed of Sanskrit words, but among others also had Iranian, Arabic, Greek, Romanian, German and French influences.[5]
Kalá is a variety of the Romani language closely related to Angloromani, Scottish Cant, Kàlo and Scandoromani. Originally the Kalá and Angloromani variants constituted a common Romani dialect.[14][7]
Culture
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Kale traditionally participated in regional and national eisteddfodau. John Robert Lewis, the husband of Abram Wood's granddaughter, would win prizes for harping in 1842, 1848, and 1850.[15] Another descendant, Template:Ill (1816–1894),[16] earned the sobriquet "Telynor Cymru", and taught his whole family various instruments. His illustrious career culminated in a performance before Queen Victoria at Palé Hall in Llandderfel near Bala on 24 August 1889, on the occasion of the Royal Visit to Wales. John Roberts played with his nine sons, all of them on the harp.[17] The Kale often adopted Welsh surnames.[5]
Traditionally, the Kale were nomadic, living in wagons and tents. Each tribe was headed by a sero rom.[5]
Many Kale claim to be descendants of Abram Wood, who settled in Wales in the early 18th century.[18]
See also
Notes
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b Bakker (1997) Review of McGowan, The Winchester Confessions, Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, Fifth series 7(1): 49-50.
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- ↑ Hübschmannová, Milena (1995). "Romaňi čhib – romština: Několik základních informací o romském jazyku". Bulletin Muzea Romské Kultury (April 1995).
Romská lexika je bližší hindštině, marvárštině, pandžábštině atd., v gramatické sféře nacházíme mnoho shod s východoindickým jazykem, s bengálštinou.
[The Romani lexicon is closer to Hindi, Marwari, Punjabi, etc., in the grammatical sphere we find many similarities with the East Indian language, with Bengali.] - ↑ Brooks, Simon (2021) Hanes Cymry. University of Wales Press.
- ↑ Sampson. J. (1926) The Dialect of the Gypsies of Wales. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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References
- The Welsh Gypsies: Children of Abram Wood, Eldra Jarman, A. O. H. Jarman, University of Wales Press, 2011, Template:ISBN
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External links
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