John Victor Murra
Template:Short description Template:More footnotes Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters". John Victor Murra (24 August 1916 – 16 October 2006) was a Ukrainian-American professor of anthropology and a researcher of the Inca Empire.
Early life and education
Born Isak Lipschitz in Odesa, Ukraine, Russian Empire, in 1916, Murra emigrated to the United States in 1934 and completed an undergraduate degree in sociology at the University of Chicago in 1936. In 1937, he sailed to Europe and fought in the Spanish Civil War as a foreign volunteer on the side of the Second Spanish Republic. Serving as a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, he initially worked as a smuggler out of Perpignan, France. He then entered Spain and was wounded in battle during the Battle of the Ebro. His injuries later medically precluded him from service in World War II. Returning to the United States in 1939, he returned to Illinois to continue his studies at the University of Chicago. He finished a master's degree in 1942 and a PhD in 1956, both in anthropology.
Career
Murra taught at the University of Puerto Rico (1947–50), Vassar College (1950–61), Yale University (1962–63), Universidad de San Marcos (1964–66), and Cornell University (1968–82).
His work included the development of a new perspective of the Inca Empire, where trade and giftgiving among kin were common. Through extensive perusal of Spanish colonial archives and court documents, he found that the Inca dwelling in the rainforest hiked into the Andes to trade crops for products like wool from their mountain-dwelling kin. Murra called that "the vertical archipelago", and his model has been verified by later research. Some contest components of the theory, but it has become the accepted economic model of the Central Andes.[1]
Murra's writings include The Economic Organization of the Inca State (1956), Cloth and its Functions in the Inca State (1962), and El mundo andino: población, medio ambiente y economía (2002). After his retirement, he worked at the National Museum of Ethnography in La Paz, Bolivia.[2]
In June 1973 Murra, having established contacts with local academics participated in the Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino held in northern Chile.[3]
He died in his home in Ithaca, New York, in 2006.[1]
References
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External links
- Register to the Papers of John Victor Murra, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
- John Murra books collection, Collection at the Humanities Library (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
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- 1916 births
- 2006 deaths
- Soviet emigrants to the United States
- University of Chicago alumni
- University of Puerto Rico faculty
- Vassar College faculty
- Academic staff of the National University of San Marcos
- Yale University faculty
- Cornell University faculty
- Scholars of the Incan civilization
- 20th-century American anthropologists