John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Other people". Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (6 August 1845 – 2 May 1914), known by the courtesy title Marquess of Lorne, by which he was known between 1847 and 1900, was a British nobleman who was Governor General of Canada from 1878 to 1883. He was the husband of Princess Louise, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. He was the first president of Rangers Football Club, thanks to his Argyll ties to the original founders of the football club.

Background and career

Campbell was born in London, the eldest son of George, Marquess of Lorne and the former Lady Elizabeth Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, daughter of the 2nd Duke of Sutherland, and was styled Earl of Campbell from birth. In 1847, when he was 21 months old, his father succeeded as 8th Duke of Argyll and he assumed the courtesy title Marquess of Lorne, which he bore until he was 54. He was educated at Edinburgh Academy, Eton College, St Andrews and at Trinity College, Cambridge,[1] as well as at the National Art Training School.Template:Sfn

For ten years before coming to Canada, Lorne travelled throughout North and Central America, writing travel literature and poetry.Template:Sfn In the UK, he represented, from 1868, the constituency of Argyllshire as a Liberal Member of Parliament in the House of Commons. He made little impression there, however; the London World referred to Lorne as "a non-entity in the House of Commons, and a non-entity without."Template:Sfn A.C. Benson, who edited Queen Victoria's letters and spent time in the company of the royals, gave him the same epithet.[2]

He was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of the part-time 1st Argyll and Bute Artillery Volunteers on 13 July 1866. He gave up the position in the 1880s, but was appointed the unit's Honorary Colonel on 18 July 1900.[3][4]

Lord Lorne married Queen Victoria's fourth daughter, Princess Louise, on 21 March 1871. This was the first time a legitimate daughter of the sovereign had married a subject of the Crown since 1515, when Charles Brandon, the first Duke of Suffolk, married Mary Tudor.Template:Sfn The pair shared a common love of the arts, but the marriage was childless and unhappy, and they spent much time apart. Lorne formed close friendships with men, including Lord Ronald Gower, Morton Fullerton and the Count de Mauny, who were known to be homosexual or bisexual, which fuelled rumours in London society that he shared their predisposition. No conclusive evidence has been found to settle this issue either way.[5]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Governor General of Canada

File:Princess Louise and Lorne engagement.jpg
Princess Louise and Lorne engagement

When Lord Lorne's appointment was announced, there was great excitement throughout Canada. For the first time, Rideau Hall would have a royal resident. The Canadian Prime Minister relaxed his busy campaign schedule to prepare for her arrival and to organise a special carriage and corps of guards to protect the Princess. An author wrote in 1880 that "the appointment was hailed with satisfaction in all parts of the Dominion, and the new Governor General entered upon his term of office with the hearts of the people strongly prepossessed [sic] in his favour."Template:Sfn

However, Campbell and his wife were initially not received well by the Canadian press, which complained about the imposition of royalty on the country's hitherto un-regal society, a position that was only exacerbated by mishaps and misunderstandings. The worries of a rigid court at the Queen's Canadian residence turned out to be unfounded;Template:Sfn the couple were more relaxed than their predecessors, as demonstrated at the many ice skating and tobogganing parties, balls, dinners, and other state occasions hosted by the Marquess and Marchioness.Template:Sfn

At age 33, Lord Lorne was Canada's youngest governor general and he became the first representative of Queen Victoria to have been born during the latter's reign but he was not too young to handle the marginal demands of his post. He and Princess Louise made many lasting contributions to Canadian society, especially in the arts and sciences. They encouraged the establishment of the Royal Society of Canada, the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and the National Gallery of Canada, even selecting some of its first paintings. Campbell was involved in the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway and other projects, such as a hospital for British Columbia.Template:Sfn

File:Mik'maq at Province House, Halifax,NS 1879.png
Mi'kmaq Grand Chief Jacques-Pierre Peminuit Paul (3rd from left with beard) meets Governor General of Canada, Lord Lorne, Red Chamber, Province House, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1879

Throughout his term of office, Lorne was intensely interested in Canada and Canadians. He travelled throughout the country, encouraging the establishment of numerous institutions, and met with First Nations and other Canadians from all walks of life. At Rideau Hall, he and Princess Louise hosted many social functions, including numerous ice skating and tobogganing parties as well as balls, dinners and state occasions. His small collection of First Nations artefacts was purchased by the British Museum in 1887.[6]

After Canada

Princess Louise returned to England in 1881 and Lord Lorne followed two years later in 1883, when his book, Memories of Canada and Scotland, was published.[7]

In 1907, strenuous efforts were taken by officials to ensure that Lorne's name was not dragged into the investigation of the theft of the Irish Crown Jewels. This was due to the fact that his closest friend was Lord Ronald Gower, who while innocent, was associated with several of the circle who were implicated in it.[8][9]

Lorne was Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle from 1892 to 1914 and he sat as MP for Manchester South from 1895 until the death of his father on 24 April 1900, when he succeeded as 9th and 2nd Duke of Argyll. He and Princess Louise lived at Kensington Palace until his death from pneumonia in 1914. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.

Honours

Orders and decorations

Civil and military appointments

Places named after him

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Organizations named after him

Ancestors

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References

Citations

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Sources

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External links

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Template:S-govTemplate:S-endTemplate:CanGGTemplate:RGSPresidentsTemplate:Authority control
Template:Error
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Member of Parliament for Argyllshire
1868–1878 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Member of Parliament for Manchester South
1895–1900 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Governor General of Canada
1878–1883 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Governor of Windsor Castle
1892–1914 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Lord Lieutenant of Argyllshire
1900–1914 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Duke of Argyll
1900–1914 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Duke of Argyll
1900–1914 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Venn
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Maj-Gen James Grierson, Records of the Scottish Volunteer Force 1859–1908, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1909.
  4. ↑ a b Army List.
  5. ↑ Packard, Jerrold Victoria's Daughters, St Martin's Griffin, NY, 1998 pp. 203–205
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Cafferky, John; Hannafin, Kevin Scandal and Betrayal: Shackleton and the Irish Crown Jewels, The Collins Press 2002, p. 112
  9. ↑ Trevelyan, Raleigh Princes Under The Volcano, William Morrow and Company, 1973, p. 338
  10. ↑ Template:London Gazette
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  13. ↑ Template:London Gazette
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