Jefferson County, Oklahoma

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Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,337.[1] Its county seat is Waurika.[2] The county was created at statehood and named in honor of President Thomas Jefferson.[3]

History

In the 1750s, the Taovaya Indians, a Wichita tribe, established twin villages along the Red River, in Jefferson County and across the river near present-day Spanish Fort, Texas. The village became "a lively emporium where Comanches brought Apache slaves, horses and mules to trade for French packs of powder, balls, knives, and textiles and for Taovaya-grown maize, melons, pumpkins, squash, and tobacco."[4]

In 1759, in response to the destruction of the San Saba Mission, the Spanish led an expedition against the Taovaya and their allies and attacked the twin villages. The Indians defeated the Spanish army. (See Battle of the Twin Villages) The Taovaya villages were abandoned before 1841 as the Taovaya had been decimated by smallpox and encroachment by other Indians and Anglo-Americans.[5]

In the 1830s, the Choctaw tribe acquired more than two-thirds of the land now covered by Jefferson County, and the closely related Chickasaw tribe began to relocate there. In 1855, the two tribes formally divided and this area became part of the Chickasaw Nation. The western part of the present county became part of the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation, created by the 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty. That area was opened to settlement by non-Indians by the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Opening in 1901.[3]

After the Civil War, the Chisholm Trail, which passed through this area, was heavily used to drive cattle from Texas to markets in Kansas. In 1892, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway laid tracks along the trail route. The Enid and Anadarko Railway, sold to the Rock Island in 1903, built a line from Lawton to Waurika. The Wichita Falls and Oklahoma Railroad built the last railroad in the county in 1923, from Texas to Waurika. It went out of business in 1942.[3] A railway line was built from Ardmore to Ringling.

Until statehood, the territory of the present-day county was part of Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation.[6]

Statehood in 1907 brought about the demise of the Chickasaw government and creation of Jefferson County. At that time the southeast corner of the county extended to Mud Creek including the communities of Belleville and Courtney. In 1924 the southeast corner of the county was realigned to its current boundary. The Oklahoma Constitutional Convention named Ryan as the county seat. An election for the seat was held in 1908 between Ryan, Sugden and Waurika, but none of the towns won a majority. Another election was held in 1912, resulting in Waurika being named as the county seat.[3]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (2.0%) is water.[7] The county drains into the Red River via Beaver and Mud creeks. Waurika Lake was created in 1971 by damming Beaver Creek in northwestern Jefferson County.[3]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
191017,430—
192017,664Script error: No such module "String".%
193017,392Script error: No such module "String".%
194015,107Script error: No such module "String".%
195011,122Script error: No such module "String".%
19608,192Script error: No such module "String".%
19707,125Script error: No such module "String".%
19808,183Script error: No such module "String".%
19907,010Script error: No such module "String".%
20006,818Script error: No such module "String".%
20106,472Script error: No such module "String".%
20205,337Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2019[12]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 United States census, the county had a population of 5,337. Of the residents, 24.0% were under the age of 18 and 22.0% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 42.4 years. For every 100 females there were 93.9 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 93.3 males.[13][14]

The racial makeup of the county was 78.8% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 5.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.6% Asian, 4.6% from some other race, and 10.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 10.9% of the population.[14]

There were 2,168 households in the county, of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 28.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[13]

There were 2,728 housing units, of which 20.5% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.1% were owner-occupied and 28.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.9% and the rental vacancy rate was 13.4%.[13]

2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 6,818 people, 2,716 households, and 1,863 families in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 3,373 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 87.14% White, 0.69% Black or African American, 5.24% Native American, 1.13% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.86% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. 7.01%.[15] were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 2,716 households 29.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.60% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.40% were non-families. 28.80% of households were one person and 15.40% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.92.

The age distribution was 24.00% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 20.10% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.

The median household income was $23,674 and the median family income was $30,563. Males had a median income of $25,195 versus $16,589 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,899. About 16.30% of families and 19.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.30% of those under age 18 and 18.40% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Despite Democrats leading in voter registration as recently as the late 2010s, Jefferson County has almost exclusively supported Republican candidates in almost every election of the 21st century. The last Democrat to carry the county at the presidential level was Bill Clinton of neighboring Arkansas in 1996, and the GOP vote share has only grown since, with Donald Trump winning nearly 85% of the county's vote in 2020, the best Republican performance in history.

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of June 30, 2023[16]
Party Number of Voters Percentage
Democratic 997 29.10%
Republican 1,910 55.75%
Unaffiliated 519 15.19%
Total 3,426 100%

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Communities

City

Towns

Unincorporated communities

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d e Larry O'Dell, "Jefferson County," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed February 25, 2015.
  4. ↑ Elam, Earl Henry, "Anglo-American Relations with the Wichita Indians in Texas, 1822–1859." Master's Thesis, Texas Technological College, 1967, 11
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Charles Goins, Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006), plate 105.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Further reading

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External links

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