Johann Friedrich Gmelin

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Johann Friedrich Gmelin (8 August 1748 – 1 November 1804) was a German naturalist, chemist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist, and malacologist.

Education

Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen. He studied medicine under his father[1] at University of Tübingen and graduated with a Master's degree in 1768, with a thesis entitled: Script error: No such module "Lang"., defended under the presidency of Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger,[2] whom he thanks with the words Script error: No such module "Lang"..

Career

In 1769, Gmelin became an adjunct professor of medicine at University of Tübingen. In 1773, he became professor of philosophy and adjunct professor of medicine at University of Göttingen. He was promoted to full professor of medicine and professor of chemistry, botany, and mineralogy in 1778. He died in 1804 in Göttingen and is buried there in the Albani cemetery with his wife Rosine Louise Gmelin (1755–1828, née Schott).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Johann Friedrich Gmelin when young became a respected colleague of Carl Linnaeus, probably when Linnaeus was visiting the Netherlands or northern Germany around 1770, and collected plants "Persia" on his behalf.[3][4] Later in life he published several textbooks in the fields of chemistry, pharmaceutical science, mineralogy, and botany. He also edited and published the posthumous 13th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus from 1788 to 1793. This contained descriptions and scientific names of many new species, including birds that had earlier been catalogued without a scientific name by John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds. Gmelin's publication is cited as the authority for over 290 bird species[5] and also a number of butterfly species.[6]

Legacy

Among his students were Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt, Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer, Friedrich Stromeyer, and Wilhelm August Lampadius. He was the father of Leopold Gmelin.

He described the redfin pickerel in 1789. In the scientific field of herpetology, he described many new species of amphibians and reptiles.[7] In the field of malacology, he described and named many species of gastropods.

The plant genus Gmelina was named after J.F. Gmelin (or possibly J.G. Gmelin, or both) by Linnaeus.

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The standard author abbreviation J.F.Gmel. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[8]

The abbreviation "Gmel." is also found.[9]

File:J.F.Gmelin tombstome Goettingen.png
Tomb in the Albani cemetery in Göttingen

Publications

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Joseph Kastner, A world of naturalists, 1977, Alfred A Knopf, New York; page 35.
  4. ↑ Wilfrid Blunt, 1971 The Compleat Naturalist. A life of Linnaeus, Collins, London; page 190 letter of Linnaeus 20 December 1771 to John Ellis: "The younger Gmelin is still in Persia" "younger distinguishes him from his father Philipp Friedrich Gmelin, who had recently died
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ See for instance: Audubon, John James (1831) – Ornithological Biography : Volume 1, p. 232. Online available at wikisource.

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External links

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