Constitutional Court of Italy
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The Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic (Template:Langx) is the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional law. Sometimes, the name Consulta is used as a metonym for it, because its sessions are held in Palazzo della Consulta in Rome.
History
The court is a post-World War II innovation, established by the republican Constitution of Italy in 1948, but it became operative only in 1955 after the enactment of the Constitutional Law n. 1 of 1953 and the Law n. 87 of 1953.[1] It held its first hearing in 1956.
Powers
According to Article 134[2] of the Italian Constitution, the Court shall pass judgement on:
- controversies on the constitutional legitimacy of laws issued by the State and Regions and when the Court declares a law unconstitutional, the law ceases to have effect the day after the publication of the ruling;
- conflicts arising from allocation of powers of the State and those powers allocated to State and Regions, and between Regions;
- charges brought against the President.
Additionally, a handful of constitutional laws were promulgated to regulate the powers and functionality of the Court during the years. The most important being constitutional law n. 1/1953, which, among other things, extends the power of reviewing and approving referendum's requests to the Court. (Art. 2)
The Constitutional Court passes on the constitutionality of laws with no right of appeal, as the Court is the highest court in relation to constitutional matters in Italy.
Since 12 October 2007, when the reform of the Italian intelligence agencies approved in August 2007 came into force, the pretext of state secret cannot be used to deny access to documents by the Court.
Composition
The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges for the term of service of nine years: 5 appointed by the President of Italy, 5 elected by the Parliament of Italy[3] and 5 elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts. Of those elected by the supreme courts, 3 are elected by the Supreme Court of Cassation of Italy (penal and civil justice), one is elected by the Court of Auditors of Italy, and one by the Council of State of Italy (supreme administrative court). Candidates need to be either lawyers with twenty years or more experience, full professors of law, or (even former) judges of the Supreme Administrative, Civil and Criminal tribunals.[4] The members then elect the President of the Court. The President is elected from among its members in a secret ballot, by an absolute majority (8 votes in the case of a full court). If no person gets a majority, a runoff election between the two judges with the most votes occurs. The President of the Court appoints one or more vice-presidents to stand in for him in the event of his absence for any reason.
Current membership
- Appointed by
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| Portrait | Name | Profession | Appointed by | Appointed on | Date sworn in | End of term | Type of membership |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Giovanni Amoroso crop.jpg | Giovanni Amoroso (1949– ) |
Magistrate | Courts (Court of Cassation)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
26 October 2017 | 13 November 2017 | 13 November 2026 | President (since 21 January 2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Francesco Viganò crop.jpg | Francesco Viganò (1966– ) |
University professor, lawyer | President (Sergio Mattarella)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
24 February 2018 | 8 March 2018 | 8 March 2027 | Vice president (since 21 January 2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Luca Antonini (cropped).jpg | Luca Antonini (1963– ) |
University professor, lawyer | Parliament (18th Legislature)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
19 July 2018 | 26 July 2018 | 26 July 2027 | Vice president (since 21 January 2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Stefano Pettiti 2019.jpg | Stefano Petitti (1953–) |
Magistrate | Courts (Court of Cassation)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
28 November 2019 | 10 December 2019 | 10 December 2028 | Judge |
| File:Buscema01 (cropped).jpg | Angelo Buscema (1952– ) |
Magistrate | Courts (Court of Audit)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
12 July 2020 | 15 September 2020 | 15 September 2029 | Judge |
| File:Emanuela Navarretta 2025 (cropped).jpg | Emanuela Navarretta (1966– ) |
University professor | President (Sergio Mattarella)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
9 September 2020 | 15 September 2020 | 15 September 2029 | Judge |
| File:Maria Rosaria San Giorgio (cropped).jpg | Maria Rosaria San Giorgio (1952– ) |
Magistrate | Courts (Court of Cassation)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
16 December 2020 | 17 December 2020 | 17 December 2029 | Judge |
| File:Filippo Patroni Griffi.jpg | Filippo Patroni Griffi (1955– ) |
Magistrate | Courts (Council of State)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
15 December 2021 | 29 January 2022 | 29 January 2031 | Judge |
| File:Marco D'Alberti (cropped).jpg | Marco D'Alberti (1948– ) |
University professor | President (Sergio Mattarella)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
15 September 2022 | 20 September 2022 | 20 September 2031 | Judge |
| File:Giovanni Pitruzzella (cropped).jpg | Giovanni Pitruzzella (1959– ) |
University professor, lawyer | President (Sergio Mattarella)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
10 November 2023 | 14 November 2023 | 14 November 2032 | Judge |
| File:Sciarrone Alibrandi 2024 (cropped).jpg | Antonella Sciarrone Alibrandi (1965– ) |
University professor | President (Sergio Mattarella)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
10 November 2023 | 14 November 2023 | 14 November 2032 | Judge |
| File:Roberto Cassinelli datisenato 2017.jpg | Roberto Cassinelli (1956– ) |
Lawyer | Parliament (19th Legislature)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 February 2025 | 19 February 2025 | 19 February 2034 | Judge |
| File:Massimo Luciani 2025.jpg | Massimo Luciani (1952– ) |
University professor, lawyer | Parliament (19th Legislature)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 February 2025 | 19 February 2025 | 19 February 2034 | Judge |
| File:Francesco Saverio Marini 2025.jpg | Francesco Saverio Marini (1973– ) |
University professor, lawyer | Parliament (19th Legislature)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 February 2025 | 19 February 2025 | 19 February 2034 | Judge |
| File:Maria Alessandra Sandulli 2025.jpg | Maria Alessandra Sandulli (1956– ) |
University professor, lawyer | Parliament (19th Legislature)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 February 2025 | 19 February 2025 | 19 February 2034 | Judge |
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Timeline
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See also
References
- ↑ Italian Government, "Norme sulla costituzione e sul funzionamento della corte costituzionale", published 14 March 1953, accessed 5 October 2023
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Parliament appoints judges with increasing delay: Giuseppe Salvaggiulo, "Script error: No such module "Lang".", in La Stampa, 3 October 2015 Template:In lang and Giampiero Buonomo, "Script error: No such module "Lang".", in Avanti online, 26 August 2015 Template:In lang.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
External links
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