Idoxuridine
Template:Short description Template:Drugbox Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug.
It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s.[1] Initially developed as an anticancer drug, idoxuridine became the first antiviral agent in 1962.[2]
Clinical use
Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis.[3] Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to therapy, while infection with stromal involvement are less responsive.[4] Idoxuridine is ineffective against herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster.[3]
Side effects
Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation, blurred vision and photophobia.[5] Corneal clouding and damage of the corneal epithelium may also occur.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Formulations and dosage
Idoxuridine is available as either a 0.5% ophthalmic ointment or as a 0.1% ophthalmic solution.[3] The dosage of the ointment is every 4 hours during day and once before bedtime.[3] The dosage of the solution is 1 drop in the conjunctival sac hourly during the day and every 2 hours during the night until definitive improvement, then 1 drop every 2 hours during the day and every 4 hours during the night.[3] Therapy is continued for 3–4 days after healing is complete, as demonstrated by fluorescein staining.[3]
Synthesis
See also
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b c d e f Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw-Hill. 8th ed. 1990.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Drugs.com: Idoxuridine ophthalmic
- ↑ <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>Template:Citation/make link, Gaston A, Vesperto T, "Nouveau procédé de préparation d'un dérivé de l'uridine et produits utilisés dans ce procédé [New process for preparing a derivative of uridine and products used in this process]", published Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"., assigned to Roussel-UclafScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- ↑ <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>Template:Citation/make link, "Process for the preparation of 5-iodo-2'-desoxy-uridine", published Script error: No such module "auto date formatter"., assigned to Roussel-UclafScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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Further reading
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