Indium nitride

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Indium nitride

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Template:Longitem	InN
Molar mass	128.83 g/mol
Appearance	black powder
Density	6.81 g/cm3
Melting point	Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures
Band gap	0.65 eV (300 K)
Electron mobility	3200 cm2/(V.s) (300 K)
Thermal conductivity	45 W/(m⋅K) (300 K)
Template:Longitem	2.9
Template:Longitem	Wurtzite (hexagonal)
Template:Longitem	C46v-P63mc
Template:Longitem	a = 354.5 pm, c = 570.3 pm
Template:Longitem	Tetrahedral
Template:Longitem	Indium phosphide Indium arsenide Indium antimonide
Template:Longitem	Boron nitride Aluminium nitride Gallium nitride
Template:Longitem	Indium gallium nitride Indium gallium aluminium nitride

Indium nitride (Template:Chem2) is a small-bandgap semiconductor material, which has potential application in solar cells and high speed electronics.

The bandgap of InN has now been established as ~0.7 eV depending on temperature (the obsolete value is 1.97 eV). The effective electron mass has been recently determined by high magnetic field measurements, m* = 0.055 m₀.

Alloyed with GaN, the ternary system InGaN has a direct bandgap span from the infrared (0.69 eV) to the ultraviolet (3.4 eV).

Currently there is research into developing solar cells using the nitride based semiconductors. Using one or more alloys of indium gallium nitride (InGaN), an optical match to the solar spectrum can be achieved. The bandgap of InN allows a wavelengths as long as 1900 nm to be utilized. However, there are many difficulties to be overcome if such solar cells are to become a commercial reality: p-type doping of InN and indium-rich InGaN is one of the biggest challenges. Heteroepitaxial growth of InN with other nitrides (GaN, AlN) has proved to be difficult.

Thin layers of InN can be grown using metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD).

Superconductivity

Thin polycrystalline films of indium nitride can be highly conductive and even superconductive at liquid helium temperatures. The superconducting transition temperature T_c depends on each sample's film structure and carrier density and varies from 0 K to about 3 K. With magnesium doping, the T_c can be 3.97 K. The superconductivity persists under high magnetic field (few teslas), that differs from superconductivity in In metal which is quenched by fields of only 0.03 tesla. Nevertheless, the superconductivity is attributed to metallic indium chains or nanoclusters, where the small size increases the critical magnetic field according to the Ginzburg–Landau theory.

See also

• Indium(III) oxide