Salem Abbey

Salem Abbey (Template:Langx) was a very prominent Cistercian monastery at Salem in the district of Bodensee, about ten miles from Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The buildings are now owned by the State of Baden-Württemberg and are open for tours as the Salem Monastery and Palace.

History

In 1134, a knight named Guntram von Adelsreute,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn inspired by a sermon held by Bernard of Clairvaux at the Konstanz Minster, donated an estate in the Linzgau region to Bernard's monastic order, the Cistercians.Template:Sfn That estate, called the Salmannsweiler,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn had an area of about Template:Sfn and was too small to support a monastery. Regardless,Template:Sfn in 1137 a party of 12 monks were sent from Lucelle Abbey, in Alsace.Template:Sfn These monks combined existing farms with further donations from Guntram in 1138 that gave the new monastery a stable economic base.Template:Sfn Its abbot, Frowin, a friend of Bernard, named the monastery Salem, likely as an allusion to Jerusalem.Template:Sfn

The foundation of the abbey was confirmed by Linzgau nobility led by the Template:Ill in 1138, and again in 1140 by Frederick II, Duke of Swabia, and Pope Innocent II and once more in 1142 by Conrad III, King of Germany. Finally, in 1155, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, granted Salem imperial immediacy, making it an imperial abbey, and took the abbey under his personal patronage. Salem Abbey profited greatly from the patronage of Frederick's house, the Hohenstaufen, and its territory rapidly expanded through donations and purchases. This rapid growth brought Salem into contention with the Bishop of Constance and with local nobility and peasantry. Under Abbot Template:Ill, however, the monastery continued to expand and secured the protection of the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1201.Template:Sfn The Archbishop of Salzburg also gave a saltwork at Hallein to Salem for it to export salt across Lake Constance and further enrich the abbey.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

With the beginning of the Great Interregnum in the mid-13th century and the loss of Hohenstaufen protection, Salem began to decline as its possessions were attacked by local rivals and was driven into debt. Salem's situation improved with the election of Rudolf I as King of Germany and the creation of the Template:Ill at the end of the century, which aligned Salem with the House of Habsburg. That alignment brought more attacks on Salem in 1314, led by the Counts of Werdenberg to Heiligenberg, that lasted until Emperor Charles IV granted Salem further political exemptions.Template:Sfn

By 1300, 300 choir monks and lay brothers inhabited Salem.Template:Sfn

Second abbey

From 1615 to 1620, Abbot Thomas I demolished the medieval monastery buildings to construct a new complex.Template:Sfn In 1697, every building of the monastery complex except its church was destroyed by fire.Template:Sfn

The abbey saw renewed prosperity during the 18th century, however, and it was able to rebuild.Template:Sfn

Secularization

In 1802, as part of the process of German mediatization, Salem Abbey was ceded to the Margraviate of Baden by Napoleon to compensate Baden for territories on the Left Bank of the Rhine that had been annexed into France.Template:Sfn

In 1920, Prince Maximilian of Baden and the educator Kurt Hahn established the Schule Schloss Salem on the grounds of the abbey.Template:Sfn

The House of Baden sold most of the abbey's grounds to the State of Baden-Württemberg in 2009. Template:Sfn

Grounds and architecture

File:Aerial image of the Salem Abbey (view from the southwest).jpg

Aerial view of Salem Abbey

A wall was built to enclose the monastery complex around the year 1300. The northern edge of the extant monastery is made up by service buildings that house a stable, mill, bakery, blacksmithy, prison, and also include a wine cellar and a tithe barn.Template:Sfn

The ceilings of the rebuilt cloister are adorned with stucco and frescoes depicting the life of Bernard of Clairvaux.Template:Sfn

Salem Minster

Construction of the Salem Minster building (the church of the abbey complex) began in 1299. It was not finished until 1414, when the Archbishop of Salzburg consecrated it.

Palace

Before the abbey was secularized, the Prälatur was the residence of Salem's abbots. Afterwards, it was a residence of the House of Baden.Template:Sfn

External links

• Salem Monastery and Palace – official website
• Schule Schloss Salem – school website
• Salem overview