Vaccination schedule

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File:Polish call for vaccination.png
Example Polish call for vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus
File:Global-vaccination-coverage.png
Global vaccination coverage 1980 to 2019 among one year olds[1]

A vaccination schedule is a series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses, which may be either recommended or compulsory, depending on the country of residence. A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen.[2] Vaccines go through multiple phases of trials to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Many vaccines require multiple doses for maximum effectiveness, either to produce sufficient initial immune response or to boost response that fades over time. For example, tetanus vaccine boosters are often recommended every 10 years.[3] Vaccine schedules are developed by governmental agencies or physicians groups to achieve maximum effectiveness using required and recommended vaccines for a locality while minimizing the number of health care system interactions. Over the past two decades, the recommended vaccination schedule has grown rapidly and become more complicated as many new vaccines have been developed.[4]

Some vaccines are recommended only in certain areas (countries, sub national areas, or at-risk populations) where a disease is common. For instance, yellow fever vaccination is on the routine vaccine schedule of French Guiana, is recommended in certain regions of Brazil but in the United States is only given to travelers heading to countries with a history of the disease.[5] In developing countries, vaccine recommendations also take into account the level of health care access, the cost of vaccines and issues with vaccine availability and storage. Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9 months of life and costing only $25.[6] This difference is due to the lower cost of health care, the lower cost of many vaccines provided to developing nations, and that more expensive vaccines, often for less common diseases, are not utilized. Template:TOC limit

Worldwide

The World Health Organization monitors vaccination schedules across the world, noting what vaccines are included in each country's program, the coverage rates achieved and various auditing measures.[7] The table below shows the types of vaccines given in example countries. The WHO publishes on its website current vaccination schedules for all WHO member states.[8] Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure. Examples include rabies, anthrax, cholera and smallpox.[9][10]

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Vaccines used for each infection in each country
Country Required for school Required for welfare Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth Template:Verth unsortable Template:Verth
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Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG YF [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV RV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV YF [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] HepA HepB DTaPHibIPV MMR ✓ IIV PCV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV HPV RV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Yes DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV Chol RV BCG YF [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] No HepB DTap Hib IPV MMR ✓ ✓ IIV PCV HPV Rab RV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] Yes HepA DTaPHepBIPV MMRV ✓ IIV PCV HPV RV [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] HepA DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV HPV BCG YF [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR IIV PCV RV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR HPV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MMR ✓ IIV PCV Rab RV BCG YF [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR IIV JE BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV RV BCG [9]
Script error: No such module "flag". [[Template:Getalias|Template:Getalias]] DTwPHibHepB ✓ MR PCV HPV RV BCG [9]
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Mandatory to all
 <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Mandatory to specific people
 <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Recommended to all
 <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Recommended to specific people
 <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Neither mandatory nor recommended to anyone
Template:Notelist

By country

Australia

The Immunise Australia Program implements the National Immunization Program (NIP) Schedule. All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.[16]

Vaccine Schedule for Australia: 1 April 2019[17]
Infection Birth Months Years Preg
Women
2 4 6 12 18 4 12–<13 14–<16 >15 >50 65+ 70
Rotavirus RVTemplate:Dagger RVTemplate:Dagger
Hepatitis A HepA§Template:Efn HepA§Template:Efn
Hepatitis B HepBTemplate:Dagger DTaP-HepB-IPV-HibTemplate:Dagger DTaP-HepB-IPV-HibTemplate:Dagger DTaP-HepB-IPV-HibTemplate:Dagger DTaP-HepB-IPV-HibTemplate:Double-dagger DTaP-HepB-IPV-HibTemplate:Double-dagger DTaP-HepB-IPV-HibTemplate:Double-daggerTemplate:Efn
Diphtheria TdapTemplate:Dagger TdapTemplate:Dagger
Pertussis
Tetanus
Polio DTaP-HepB-IPV-HibTemplate:Double-dagger
Haemophilus influenzae
Meningococcus MenACWYTemplate:Dagger MenACWYTemplate:Double-dagger MenACWYTemplate:Dagger MenACWYTemplate:Double-daggerTemplate:Efn
Pneumococcus PCV13Template:Dagger PCV13Template:Dagger PCV13Template:Hash-tag PCV13Template:Dagger PCV13Template:Double-daggerTemplate:Efn
PCV13§Template:Efn
PPSV23Template:Hash-tag PPSV23Template:Hash-tag§ PPSV23§ PPSV23Template:Dagger
Measles MMRTemplate:Dagger MMRVTemplate:Dagger MMRVTemplate:Double-daggerTemplate:Efn
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Human papillomavirus HPV x2Template:Dagger HPV x2Template:Double-daggerTemplate:Efn
Influenza IIV (yearly)Template:Dagger IIV (yearly)Template:Dagger
IIV (yearly)Template:Hash-tag
IIV (yearly)§
Herpes Zoster ZVL
Template:Ubl

Template:Notelist

Austria

Austrian vaccine recommendations are developed by the National Vaccination Board (Template:Langx), which is part of the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection.[18]

Children aged 14 and older can be vaccinated without parental consent.[19]

Brazil

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the public health services.

Brazilian National Vaccination Schedule: 2019[20]
Infection Gestation Birth Months Years
2 3 4 5 6 9 12 15 4 5 9 11 10–59 60+
Tuberculosis BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis A HepA
Hepatitis B HepB 5V 5V 5V
Diphtheria DTPa DTP DTP dT
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio IPV IPV IPV OPV OPV
Pneumococcus 10v 10v 10v
Meningococcus MenC MenC MenC MenC
Rotavirus RV RV
Measles MMR MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Yellow fever YF
Human papillomavirus HPVTemplate:Nbspx2 (girls) HPVTemplate:Nbspx2 (boys)
Flu IIV IIV (yearly) IIV (yearly)

Canada

In Canada, publicly funded immunization schedules may vary from province or territory.

Alberta

Alberta Vaccine Schedule: 2015[21]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10–13 15–17 65+
Hepatitis B HepB
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13 PneuC13 PneuC13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMRV MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus MenC MenC MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV HPV (boys)
Flu IIV (yearly)

British Columbia

British Columbia Vaccine Schedule: 2015[21]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10–13 15–17 65+
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13 PneuC13 PneuC13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMR MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenCCV MenCCV
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)
Flu IIV (yearly)

New Brunswick

New Brunswick Vaccine Schedule: 2015[21]
Infection Birth Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4 10–13 15–17 65+
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PneuC13 PneuC13 PneuC13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMRV MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella
Meningococcus MenCCV MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)
Flu IIV (yearly)

Ontario

Ontario Vaccine Schedule: 2017[21]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 15 18 4 10–13 15–17
Hepatitis B HepB
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PCV13 PCV13 PCV13
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMRV MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenC MenC-ACYW
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)

Quebec

Quebec Vaccine Schedule: 2019[22][23]
Infection Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 4–6 9 14–16 Adult 50 65 75
Hepatitis A HepA
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB HepB
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap Tdap Tdap Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PCV10 PCV10 PCV10 PPV23
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMR MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV
Meningococcus MenCC MenCC
Human papillomavirus HPV
Flu IIV IIV IIV IIV (yearly)

Finland

Vaccination Schedule for Finland[24][25]
Infection Birth Months Years
2 3 5 6 12 18 3 4 6 11–12 14–15 25 65+
Tuberculosis BCGTemplate:Efn
Rotavirus RV RV RV
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Tdap Td (10Template:Nbhyearly)Template:Efn
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB
Hepatitis B HepB
Pneumococcus PCV10[26] PCV10[26] PCV10[26] PCV13 + PPSV23[26]Template:Efn
Measles MMRTemplate:Efn MMRV
Mumps
Rubella
VaricellaTemplate:Efn VV
Human papillomavirus HPV[27]
Influenza IIV3Template:Efn IIV3
Tick-borne encephalitis TBETemplate:Efn
Template:Notelist
History
1960: Mumps vaccinations for military recruits.
1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children.
1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers.
1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme.
2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children (September 2009)
2010: PCV introduced at 3, 5 and 12 months of age to all children (September 2010).
2013: HPV vaccination of girls introduced
2017: Varicella vaccination introduced (1 September 2017) at 18 months, 6 years + catch-up of all born from 1 January 2006 or after with no history of varicella.
2020: HPV vaccination of boys introduced[28]

France

Vaccination Schedule for France
Infection Months Years
0 1 2 4 6 11 12 13 15 16–18 23 2 5 6 11–13 25 45 65+
Tuberculosis BCGTemplate:Dagger BCGTemplate:Hash-tag
Diphtheria DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger dTemplate:Dagger
Tetanus TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger
Pertussis acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acpTemplate:Dagger
Polio IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger
Haemophilus influenzae HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger
Hepatitis B HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger
Pneumococcus PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger
Meningococcus MenCTemplate:Dagger
Measles MEASTemplate:Dagger MEASTemplate:Dagger
Mumps MUMPSTemplate:Dagger MUMPSTemplate:Dagger
Rubella RUMBETemplate:Dagger RUMBETemplate:Dagger
Human papillomavirus HPVTemplate:Dagger
Influenza TIVTemplate:Dagger
Herpes Zoster HZTemplate:Dagger
Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2

Germany

In Germany, a vaccination schedule is developed by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), which operates as part of the Robert Koch Institute. The recommendations are generally adopted by the Federal Joint Committee.

Vaccination Schedule for Germany
Infection Weeks Months Years
6 2 3 4 11 12 14 15 23 2 5–6 9 14 15 17 18–45 59 >60
Rotavirus RVTemplate:Dagger RVTemplate:Dagger RVTemplate:Dagger
Diphtheria DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Double-dagger dTemplate:Double-dagger dTemplate:Dagger dTemplate:Dagger dTemplate:Dagger
Tetanus TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Double-dagger TTTemplate:Double-dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger
Pertussis acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Double-dagger acPTemplate:Double-dagger acpTemplate:Dagger acpTemplate:Dagger acpTemplate:Dagger
Polio IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Double-dagger IPVTemplate:Double-dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Double-dagger
Haemophilus influenzae HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Double-dagger HibTemplate:Double-dagger
Hepatitis B HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Double-dagger HepBTemplate:Double-dagger
Pneumococcus PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Double-dagger PncTemplate:Hash-tag PPSV23Template:Dagger
Meningococcus MenCTemplate:Dagger MenCTemplate:Double-dagger
Measles MEASTemplate:Dagger MEASTemplate:Dagger MEASTemplate:Double-dagger MEASTemplate:Hash-tag
Mumps MUMPSTemplate:Dagger MUMPSTemplate:Dagger MUMPSTemplate:Double-dagger
Rubella RUMBETemplate:Dagger RUMBETemplate:Dagger RUMBETemplate:Double-dagger
Varicella VARTemplate:Dagger VARTemplate:Dagger VARTemplate:Double-dagger
Human papillomavirus HPVTemplate:Dagger HPVTemplate:Double-dagger
Influenza TIVTemplate:Dagger
Tick-borne Encephalitis TBETemplate:Hash-tag
Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2

Hong Kong

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.

India

In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP).[29] The latest schedule was the one given in 2016.[30]

IAP Immunization Timetable: 2016[30]
Infection Birth Months Years
1.5 2.5 3.5 6 9 9-12 12 15 16-18 18 2 4–6 10–12
Tuberculosis BCG
Polio OPV OPV OPV OPV
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Rotavirus RV RV RV
Diphtheria DTwP DTwP DTwP DTwP DTwP Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV PCV
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV
Measles MMR MMR MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Typhoid TCV TCV
Hepatitis A HepA HepA
Varicella VV VV
Human papillomavirus HPV (girls)

Italy

Vaccination Schedule for Italy
Infection Birth Months Years
3 5–6 11 13 15 5–6 11–18 65+
Diphtheria DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger dTemplate:Dagger
Tetanus TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger
Pertussis acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acpTemplate:Dagger
Polio IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger
Haemophilus influenzae HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger
Hepatitis B HepBTemplate:Hash-tag HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger
Pneumococcus PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger
Meningococcus MenCTemplate:Dagger MenCTemplate:Double-dagger
Measles MEASTemplate:Dagger MEASTemplate:Dagger MEASTemplate:Double-dagger
Mumps MUMPSTemplate:Dagger MUMPSTemplate:Dagger MUMPSTemplate:Double-dagger
Rubella RUMBETemplate:Dagger RUMBETemplate:Dagger RUMBETemplate:Double-dagger
Varicella VARTemplate:Dagger
Human papillomavirus HPVTemplate:Dagger
Influenza TIVTemplate:Dagger
Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2

Japan

The vaccination schedule in Japan is defined and partially recommended by Template:Ill (Template:Langx) and its related Template:Ill (Template:Langx).[14][15] By the combined laws, infections are categorized into two groups: Category A is recommended for vaccination to prevent pandemic whereas Category B is only for a personal care purpose.[31] As of January 2020, fourteen infections are Category A diseases and two are Category B on the legal lists.[14][15] The Act and the Order were enacted for mandatory vaccination in 1948 with punitive clauses, only the clauses were repealed in 1976 and eventually vaccination has become non-mandatory since 1994.[32]

Japan Vaccine Schedule: January 2020[14][15]
Infection Act/
Order
(Category) 		Birth Months Years
2 3 6 12 24 36 60 ≧5Template:Efn 7>Template:Efn 7.5
(90 mo) 		9 11 12Template:Efn 13> 16Template:Efn 60–64Template:Efn
& 65+
Diphtheria Act (A) DTaP-IPV DT
Tetanus Act (A)
Pertussis Act (A)
Polio Act (A)
Measles Act (A) MR (1st) MR (2nd)
Rubella Act (A)
Japanese encephalitis Act (A) Japanese encephalitis (1st) Japanese encephalitis (2nd)
Tuberculosis Act (A) BCG
Haemophilus influenzae Act (A) Hib
Pneumococcus Act (A) Pneumococcal
Order (B) Pneumococcal
Human papillomavirus Act (A) HPV vaccine
Smallpox Order (A) Not specified by the act or the order
Varicella Order (A) Varicella
Hepatitis B Order (A) Hep B
Influenza Order (B) Flu
Template:Notelist

Only in the legal term in Japan, citizens get old one day before their birthdays. If a person was born on January 1, 2020, and Immunization Act specifies vaccine against measles could be received from age 12 months to 24 months, vaccination shall be practiced between December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2021 (not between January 2021 and January 2022.)[33][34] Some vaccinations are scheduled in line with the school year system, which starts from April 1 in Japan.[35] As explained, those who born on April 1 and on April 2 get old legally on March 31 and April 1, respectively. Thus, these two people are in different school years and thereby they may take vaccines in different calendar years.

Legal age counting system in Japan[33][34][35]
Recipients Birth Months Years
2 3 6 12 24 36 60 ≧5Template:Efn 7>Template:Efn 7.5
(90 mo) 		9 11 12Template:Efn 13> 16Template:Efn
Person ATemplate:Efn Dec 31, 2019 Feb 29, 2020Template:Efn Mar 30, 2020 Jun 30, 2020 Dec 30, 2020 Dec 30, 2021 Dec 30, 2022 Dec 30, 2024 Apr 1, 2025 Mar 31, 2026 Jun 30, 2027 Dec 30, 2028 Dec 30, 2030 Apr 1, 2031 Dec 29, 2032 Mar 31, 2036
Person BTemplate:Efn Jan 1, 2020 Feb 29, 2020Template:Efn Mar 31, 2020 Jun 30, 2020 Dec 31, 2020 Dec 31, 2021 Dec 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2024 Apr 1, 2025 Mar 31, 2026 Jun 30, 2027 Dec 31, 2028 Dec 31, 2030 Apr 1, 2031 Dec 30, 2032 Mar 31, 2036
Person CTemplate:Efn Apr 1, 2020 May 31, 2020 Jun 31, 2020 Sep 30, 2020 Mar 31, 2021 Mar 31, 2022 Mar 31, 2023 Mar 31, 2025 Apr 1, 2025 Mar 31, 2026 Sep 30, 2027 Mar 31, 2029 Mar 31, 2031 Apr 1, 2031 Mar 30, 2033 Mar 31, 2036
Person DTemplate:Efn Apr 2, 2020 Jun 1, 2020 Jul 1, 2020 Oct 1, 2020 Apr 1, 2021 Apr 1, 2022 Apr 1, 2023 Apr 1, 2025 Apr 1, 2026 Mar 31, 2027 Oct 1, 2027 Apr 1, 2029 Apr 1, 2031 Apr 1, 2032 Mar 31, 2033 Mar 31, 2037
Template:Notelist

New Zealand

New Zealand Immunization Schedule: 1 October 2020[36]
Infection Gestation Weeks Months Years
6 3 5 12 15 4 11–12 45 65+
Rotavirus RV RV
Diphtheria Tdap DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib DTaP-IPV Tdap Tdap Tdap
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Hepatitis B
Haemophilus influenzae Hib
Pneumococcus PCV10 PCV10 PCV10
Measles MMR MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VV VVTemplate:Efn
Human papillomavirus HPV9
Herpes Zoster HZ
Influenza IIV IIV (yearly)
Template:Notelist
History

Major additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:[37]

1958: First Schedule: DTwP and DT
1961: Polio (OPV) added
1971: Measles, rubella and tetanus toxoid added
1979: Rubella changed to girls only
1988: HepB added
1990: MMR replaced measles and rubella
1994: HIB added; Td replaced tetanus toxoid
1996: DT dropped
1997: Influenza added
2000: DTaP replaced DTwP
2002: IPV replaced OPV
2006: MeNZB and Tdap added
2008: MeNZB dropped, PCV7 added, HPV4 added for females only
2011: PCV10 replaced PCV7
2014: RV5 added, PCV13 replaced PCV10
2017: HPV9 replaced HPV4 and extended to males, RV1 replaced RV5, PCV10 replaced PCV13, VV added.
2018: HZ added.
2020: Td dropped.

Nigeria

All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Nigerian National Vaccination Schedule:[38]
Infection Birth Months Years
2 3 4 6 9 18 4 5
Tuberculosis BCG
Leprosy
Hepatitis B HepB 5V 5V 5V
Diphtheria DTP
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
Polio OPV OPV OPV OPV OPV OPV
Pneumococcus PCV PCV PCV PCV
Meningococcus MCV MCV
Yellow fever YF

Spain

Vaccination Schedule for Spain
Infection Birth Months Years
2 4 6 12 18 3–4 6 12 14 65+
Diphtheria DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger DTemplate:Dagger dTemplate:Dagger dTemplate:Dagger dTemplate:Dagger
Tetanus TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger TTTemplate:Dagger
Pertussis acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acPTemplate:Dagger acpTemplate:Dagger
Polio IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger
Haemophilus influenzae HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger
Hepatitis B HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger
Pneumococcus PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger PCVTemplate:Dagger PPSV23Template:Dagger
Meningococcus MenCTemplate:Dagger MenCTemplate:Dagger MenCTemplate:Dagger
Measles MEASTemplate:Dagger MEASTemplate:Dagger
Mumps MUMPSTemplate:Dagger MUMPSTemplate:Dagger
Rubella RUMBETemplate:Dagger RUMBETemplate:Dagger
Varicella VARTemplate:Dagger
Human papillomavirus HPVTemplate:Dagger
Influenza TIVTemplate:Dagger
Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2 Template:Legend2

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom childhood vaccination schedule is recommended by the Department of Health and National Health Service, and uses combination immunisations where available.

United Kingdom Vaccine Schedule: 2020[39]
Infection Months Years
2 3 4 12 2–10 3–4 12–13 13–15 16–18
Diphtheria DTaP DTaP DTaP DTaP Td
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio IPV IPV IPV IPV IPV
Haemophilus influenzae HIB HIB HIB HIB
Meningococcus MenB MenB MenB/C MenACWY
Rotavirus RV RV
Pneumococcus PCV PCV
Hepatitis B HepB HepB HepB
Measles MMR MMR
Mumps
Rubella
Influenza LAIV
HPV HPVx2
Template:Notelist

Non-routine vaccinations

Some children may receive vaccines in addition to those listed in the table:

  • BCG vaccine is given at birth to "children born in areas of the country where there are high numbers of TB cases" and "children whose parents or grandparents were born in a country with many cases of TB."[39]
  • Hepatitis B vaccine is given at birth to "babies born to mothers who have hepatitis B".[39]
  • The injected flu vaccine is offered annually to "children 6 months to 17 years old with long-term health conditions".[39]

Adult vaccinations

The five scheduled childhood tetanus vaccinations are thought to generally confer lifelong immunity; thus, no routine booster doses are given in adulthood. Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years.[40] Pneumococcus vaccinations (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/PPV) are recommended for those over 65 and for people without a functional spleen (asplenia), either because the spleen has been removed or does not work properly.[41] Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals, pregnant women, and poultry workers.[42] The shingles vaccine is recommended for those over 70.[39] Additionally, pregnant women are advised to have the pertussis vaccine.[43]

United States

The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines.[44]

Vaccine Schedule for the United States: 2020[45][46]
Infection Birth Months Years
1 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 19–23 2–3 4–6 7–10 11–12 13–15 16 17–18 19–26 27–49 50–64 65+
Hepatitis B HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Double-dagger HepBTemplate:Dagger HepBTemplate:Double-dagger HepB x2–3Template:Hash-tag
Rotavirus RVTemplate:Dagger RVTemplate:Dagger RVTemplate:Dagger
Diphtheria DTaPTemplate:Dagger DTaPTemplate:Dagger DTaPTemplate:Dagger DTaPTemplate:Double-dagger DTaPTemplate:Dagger DTaPTemplate:Double-dagger DTaPTemplate:Dagger TdapTemplate:Double-dagger TdapTemplate:Dagger TdapTemplate:Double-dagger Td or Tdap (every 10 years)Template:Dagger
Tetanus
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Double-dagger HibTemplate:Dagger HibTemplate:Double-dagger HibTemplate:Hash-tag HibTemplate:Nbspx1–3Template:Hash-tag
Polio IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Double-dagger IPVTemplate:Dagger IPVTemplate:Double-dagger
Pneumococcus PCV13Template:Dagger PCV13Template:Dagger PCV13Template:Dagger PCV13Template:Double-dagger PCV13Template:Dagger PCV13Template:Double-dagger PCV13Template:Hash-tag PCV13Template:Hash-tag PCV13§
PPSV23Template:Hash-tag PPSV23 x1–2Template:Hash-tag PPSV23Template:Dagger
Influenza IIV (yearly)Template:Dagger IIV or LAIV (yearly)Template:Dagger
Measles MMRTemplate:Hash-tag MMRTemplate:Dagger MMRTemplate:Double-dagger MMRTemplate:Dagger MMRTemplate:Double-dagger MMRTemplate:Nbspx1–2Template:Double-dagger
Mumps
Rubella
Varicella VARTemplate:Dagger VARTemplate:Double-dagger VARTemplate:Dagger VARTemplate:Double-dagger VAR x1–2Template:Double-dagger VAR 2xTemplate:Hash-tag
Hepatitis A HepATemplate:Hash-tag HepA x2Template:Dagger HepATemplate:Double-dagger HepA x2–3Template:Hash-tag
Meningococcus MenACWYTemplate:Hash-tag MenACWYTemplate:Dagger MenACWYTemplate:Double-dagger MenACWYTemplate:Dagger MenACWYTemplate:Double-dagger MenACWY x1–2Template:Hash-tag
MenB x2–3Template:Hash-tag
MenB§
Human papillomavirus HPVTemplate:Hash-tag HPV x2–3Template:Dagger HPVTemplate:Double-dagger HPVTemplate:Double-dagger HPV§
Herpes Zoster RZV or ZVLTemplate:Dagger
Template:Ubl

Template:Notelist

During pregnancy

The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vaccination is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.[47][48][49][50]

History

In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age.[4] Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of age, U.S. children receive as many as 24 vaccine injections, and might receive up to five shots during one visit to the doctor.[4] The use of combination vaccine products means that, Template:As of, the United Kingdom's immunization program consists of nine injections by the age of two, rather than 22 if vaccination for each disease was given as a separate injection.[51]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

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it:Vaccinazione#Calendario vaccinale vi:Lịch tiêm chủng

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ Update on Yellow Fever in the Americas, http://www.paho.org/english/SHA/be_v21n2-yellowfever.htm, the Epidemiological Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 2, June 2000, Pan American Health Organization, accessed July 18, 2007
  6. ↑ State of the World's Vaccines and Immunizations (pdf) from the World Health Organization (2003 edition)
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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