Illinois House of Representatives

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 representatives elected from individual legislative districts for two-year terms with no limits; redistricted every 10 years, based on the 2010 U.S. census each representative represents approximately 108,734 people.[1]

The house has the power to pass bills and impeach Illinois officeholders. Lawmakers must be at least 21 years of age and a resident of the district in which they serve for at least two years.

History

The Illinois General Assembly was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The candidates for office split into political parties in the 1830s, initially as the Democratic and Whig parties, until the Whig candidates reorganized as Republicans in the 1850s.

Abraham Lincoln began his political career in the Illinois House of Representatives as a member of the Whig party in 1834.[2] He served there until 1842. Although Republicans held the majority of seats in the Illinois House after 1860, in the next election it returned to the Democrats.[3] The Democratic Party-led legislature worked to frame a new state constitution that was ultimately rejected by voters[3] After the 1862 election, the Democratic-led Illinois House of Representatives passed resolutions denouncing the federal government's conduct of the war and urging an immediate armistice and peace convention, leading the Republican governor to suspend the legislature for the first time in the state's history.[3] In 1864, Republicans swept the state legislature and at the time of Lincoln's assassination at Ford's Theater, Illinois stood as a solidly Republican state.[3]

State House of Representatives were elected in multi-member districts through the cumulative voting election system from 1870 to 1980, except for 1964. The use of the cumulative voting election system secured a degree of representation for minority blacks and the non-dominant party through use of multi-member districts and special type of multiple voting.[4] In 1980 Illinois was divided into 118 single-member districts. Since then each has used the first-past-the-post voting election system.

From 1870 to 1980, Illinois's lower house had several unique features:

  • The House had 153, later 177 members. The state was divided into 51, then later 59 legislative districts, each of which elected one senator and three representatives.
  • Elections for the state house were conducted using cumulative voting; each individual voter was given three votes to cast for House seats, and they could distribute them to three candidates (one vote each), one candidate (receiving three votes—this was called a bullet vote) or two candidates (each receiving 1½ votes). (The only historic exception to the universal use of cumulative voting 1870-1980 was the 1964 state-wide at-large election.)
  • Though not constitutionally mandated, the two parties had an informal agreement that they would only run two candidates per district. Thus, in most districts, only four candidates were running for three seats. This not only all but guaranteed that the district's minority party would win a seat (particularly outside Chicago), but usually assured that each party would have significant representation—a minimum of one-third of the seats (59 out of 177)—in the House. (The only historic exception to the minimum 59 seat rule was in 1875 and during WWI.)

Cutback Amendment of 1980

The Cutback Amendment was proposed to abolish Illinois's use of Cumulative Voting and multi-member districts.

Since its passage in 1980, representatives have been elected from 118 single-member districts formed by dividing the 59 Senate districts in half, a method known as nesting. Each senator is "associated" with two representatives.

Since the adoption of the Cutback Amendment, there have been proposals by some major political figures in Illinois to bring back multi-member districts. A task force led by former governor Jim Edgar and former federal judge Abner Mikva issued a report in 2001 calling for the revival of cumulative voting,[5] in part because it appears that such a system increases the representation of racial minorities in elected office.[6] The Chicago Tribune editorialized in 1995 that the multi-member districts elected with cumulative voting produced better legislators.[7] Others said the now-abandoned system produced greater stability in the lower house.[8]

The Democratic Party won a majority of House seats in 1982. Except for a brief two-year period of Republican control from 1995 to 1997, the Democrats have held the majority since then.

Firsts

The first two African-American legislators in Illinois were John W. E. Thomas, first elected in 1876, and George French Ecton, elected in 1886.[9] In 1922, Lottie Holman O'Neill became the first woman elected to the Illinois House of Representatives (she was elected in the first election in which women could vote or run for election).[10] In 1958, Floy Clements became the first African American woman to serve as state Representative.[11] In 1982, Joseph Berrios became the first Hispanic American state representative.[12] Theresa Mah became the first Asian American to serve in the Illinois House when she was sworn into office January 10, 2017.[13] On January 11, 2023, Abdelnasser Rashid and Nabeela Syed became the first representatives in the Illinois General Assembly of Muslim faith,[14] with Rashid becoming the first Palestinian-American representative to serve in the Illinois legislative body.[15]

Powers

The Illinois House of Representatives meets at the Illinois State Capitol in Springfield, Illinois. It is required to convene on the second Wednesday of January each year. Along with the Illinois Senate and governor, it is vested with the power to make laws, come up with a state budget, act on federal constitutional amendments, and propose constitutional amendments to the state constitution.[16] The Illinois House of Representatives also holds the power to impeach executive and judicial officials.[16]

Qualifications

A person must be a U.S. citizen and two-year resident of an electoral district of at least 21 years of age to serve in the Illinois House of Representatives.[16] Members of the House cannot hold other public offices or receive appointments by the governor while in office.[16]

Composition of the House

Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Republican Vacant
2017–2019 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| 67 51 118 0
2019–2021 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| 74 44 118 0
2021–2023 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| 73 45 118 0
2023–2025 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| 78 40 118 0
Begin 2025 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| 78 40 118 0
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Leadership

The current Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives is Emanuel Chris Welch, a Democrat from Hillside, who represents the 7th district. The Democratic Party of Illinois currently holds a super-majority of seats in the House. Under the Constitution of Illinois, the office of minority leader is recognized for the purpose of making certain appointments. Tony McCombie, of Savanna, who represents the 89th district, currently holds that post. Both leaders appointed their leadership teams shortly after the start of the 103rd General Assembly.[17][18]

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Officers

  • Clerk of the House: John W. Hollman
  • Chief Doorkeeper: Lee A. Crawford
  • Parliamentarian: James Hartmann
  • Assistant Clerk of the House: Bradley S. Bolin

Members

since December 16, 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the 104th General Assembly of the Illinois House of Representatives consists of the following members:[20]

District Representative Party Start Residence
1 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Chicago
2 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 10, 2007 Cicero
3 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic November 15, 2019 Chicago
4 Script error: No such module "Sort". ƗƗ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic December 15, 2022 Chicago
5 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic May 15, 2023 Chicago
6 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic October 20, 2015 Chicago
7 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2013 Hillside
8 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 10, 2007 Chicago
9 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic September 12, 2023 Chicago
10 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic May 1, 2019 Chicago
11 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 12, 2011 Chicago
12 Script error: No such module "Sort". ƗƗ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 2, 2021 Chicago
13 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Chicago
14 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic April 12, 2011 Chicago
15 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic November 23, 2021 Chicago
16 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Skokie
17 Script error: No such module "Sort". ƗƗ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic December 21, 2018 Glenview
18 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic April 19, 2010 Evanston
19 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic July 24, 2019 Chicago
20 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican June 29, 2019 Rosemont
21 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Justice
22 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic February 25, 2021 Chicago
23 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 10, 2020 Chicago
24 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2017 Chicago
25 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Chicago
26 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 18, 2019 Chicago
27 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 5, 2017 Chicago
28 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 8, 2003 Blue Island
29 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 12, 2011 Calumet City
30 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 8, 2003 Homewood
31 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 8, 2025 Chicago
32 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 8, 2025 Chicago
33 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic April 13, 2012 Chicago
34 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic February 4, 2018 Chicago
35 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic March 28, 2023 Chicago
36 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 8, 2025 Evergreen Park
37 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican April 13, 2024 Lockport
38 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Olympia Fields
39 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 14, 2015 Chicago
40 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic August 12, 2013 Chicago
41 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 13, 2021 Naperville
42 Margaret DeLaRosa Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic October 12, 2025 Glen Ellyn
43 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic March 30, 2014 Elgin
44 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 10, 2007 Hoffman Estates
45 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 8, 2025 Westmont
46 Script error: No such module "Sort". ƗƗ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic December 7, 2022 Villa Park
47 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 9, 2019 Wheaton
48 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Hanover Park
49 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 13, 2021 Batavia
50 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic March 7, 2019 Aurora
51 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Inverness
52 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 13, 2021 Barrington Hills
53 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic June 5, 2024 Arlington Heights
54 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Arlington Heights
55 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 1,2026 Niles
56 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 12, 2011 Schaumburg
57 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2024 Northbrook
58 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Deerfield
59 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Buffalo Grove
60 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic July 6, 2010 Waukegan
61 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Gurnee
62 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Grayslake
63 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2017 Woodstock
64 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 9, 2019 Lake Villa
65 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 9, 2019 Geneva
66 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 13, 2021 Crystal Lake
67 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Rockford
68 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 13, 2021 Rockford
69 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 12, 2011 Rockford
70 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican July 5, 2018 DeKalb
71 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2017 Woodhull
72 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 East Moline
73 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2017 Peoria
74 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Dixon
75 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Newark
76 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 8, 2025 Ottawa
77 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Melrose Park
78 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic April 27, 2010 Chicago
79 Script error: No such module "Sort". ƗƗ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican December 8, 2020 Bourbonnais
80 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic March 6, 2009 Chicago Heights
81 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2019 Downers Grove
82 Nicole La Ha Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican December 20, 2023 Homer Glen
83 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Aurora
84 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2013 Oswego
85 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 13, 2021 Bolingbrook
86 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic April 30, 2012 Elwood
87 Script error: No such module "Sort". ƗƗ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 1, 2023 Morton
88 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 8, 2025 Decatur
89 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2017 Savanna
90 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Rockford
91 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Bloomington
92 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 14, 2009 Peoria
93 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Edwards
94 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican December 14, 2010 Macomb
95 Michael Coffey Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Springfield
96 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2013 Decatur
97 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2023 Plainfield
98 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2013 Joliet
99 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 8, 2025 Quincy
100 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican December 12, 2012 Jacksonville
101 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 9, 2019 Charleston
102 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 13, 2021 Dieterich
103 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 14, 2015 Urbana
104 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican December 21, 2023 Danville
105 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Eureka
106 Script error: No such module "Sort". Ɨ style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican February 4, 2023 Emington
107 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2017 Shelbyville
108 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Morrisonville
109 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 9, 2013 Okawville
110 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 9, 2019 Beecher City
111 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 13, 2021 Fosterburg
112 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 11, 2017 Edwardsville
113 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" |Democratic January 9, 2013 Swansea
114 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2023 Millstadt
115 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 13, 2021 Red Bud
116 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 11, 2017 Benton
117 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 9, 2019 Metropolis
118 Script error: No such module "Sort". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" |Republican January 13, 2021 Pomona
  • Ɨ Legislator was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives during session.
  • ƗƗ Legislator was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives after being elected, but prior to inauguration day of the General Assembly to which they were elected.

Past composition of the House of Representatives

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Notes


References

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  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. White Jr., Ronald C. (2009). A. Lincoln: A Biography. Random House, Inc. Template:ISBN, p. 59.
  3. a b c d VandeCreek, Drew E. Politics in Illinois and the Union During the Civil War Template:Webarchive (accessed May 28, 2013)
  4. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  9. Joens, David A. From Slave to State Legislator: John WE Thomas, Illinois' First African American Lawmaker. SIU Press, 2012.
  10. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. "Asian Americans are making a big mark in Illinois politics". Chicago Sun-Times. 2022-11-10.
  15. About Abdelnasser. State Representative Abdelnasser Rashid. (n.d.). https://www.reprashid.com/about
  16. a b c d Constitution of the State of Illinois, Article IV, The Legislature (accessed May 28, 2013)
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External links

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