Houston County, Minnesota

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Houston County (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". Script error: No such module "Respell".)[1] is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. At the 2020 census, the population was 18,843.[2] Its county seat is Caledonia.[3] Houston County is included in the La Crosse–Onalaska Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The area covered by today's Houston County was first organized as St. Croix County, of the Wisconsin Territory, in 1839.[4] On October 27, 1849, part of that county was partitioned off to create Wabashaw County of the Minnesota Territory.[5] On February 23, 1854, the territorial legislature authorized the partitioning of sections of Wabashaw to create Fillmore County[6] and Houston County.[7] An election on April 4, 1854, allowed the county government to be completed.[7] The county was named for Sam Houston, who had been president of the Republic of Texas and a US senator from Texas.[8] The village of Houston was the first county seat. Then a land speculator made an effort to move the seat to Caledonia, and in 1855 the county board moved the county records to Caledonia, which became the de facto seat, and eventually the legal seat after several county votes. In 1855 the records were stored in the cabin of Commissioner Samuel McPhail; the first court hearings were held in that cabin, and a one-story courthouse and jail was built in Caledonia in 1857. A two-story building was built in Caledonia in 1867, and several referendums made Caledonia the county seat by 1874.[9] From that point on, Caledonia prospered and Houston slowly declined. The only other area of prominence was La Crescent, which benefited from its connection to La Crosse, Wisconsin.

Geography

Houston County is at Minnesota's southeast corner. Its eastern border abuts Wisconsin (across the Mississippi River) and its southern border abuts Iowa. The Mississippi flows south-southeast along its eastern border. The Root River flows east through the northern part of the county, discharging into the Mississippi. Pine Creek flows east-southeast through the northeastern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi, while Crooked Creek flows east across the southern part of the county to discharge into the Mississippi. The county's terrain consists of low rolling hills on its western end, transitioning to hills carved with drainages toward the east.[10] The central and western portion of the county is a plateau with its highest point at Script error: No such module "convert". ASL, near its southwest corner.[11] The county has an area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (2.9%) is water.[12]

File:Northern Houston County MN.jpg
Driftless scenery in Houston County

The county is in the Driftless Zone, marked by the absence of glacial drift and presence of bedrock cut by streams into steep hills. The plateau that surrounds Caledonia includes flat, fertile farmland and hilly, verdant pasture land.

File:Houston Co 2016 No Text Version.pdf
Soils of Houston County[13]
File:Beaver Creek Valley State Park.jpg
Soils of Beaver Creek Valley State Park neighborhood

Lakes

The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge runs along the county's eastern border. Four lakes in the refuge fall within the county:[10]

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  • Blue Lake
  • Hayshore Lake
  • Lawrence Lake
  • Target Lake

Adjacent counties

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Protected areas

[10]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18606,645—
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199018,497Script error: No such module "String".%
200019,718Script error: No such module "String".%
201019,027Script error: No such module "String".%
202018,843Script error: No such module "String".%
2025 (est.)18,400[14] DecreaseScript error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790–1960[16] 1900–1990[17]
1990–2000[18] 2010–2020[2]

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Racial and ethnic composition

Houston County, Minnesota – Racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[19] Pop 1990[20] Pop 2000[21] Pop 2010[22] Pop 2020[23] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 18,243 18,337 19,338 18,482 17,840 99.24% 99.13% 98.07% 97.14% 94.68%
Black or African American alone (NH) 8 24 58 98 90 0.04% 0.13% 0.29% 0.52% 0.48%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 26 48 32 31 42 0.14% 0.26% 0.16% 0.16% 0.22%
Asian alone (NH) 28 51 73 86 101 0.15% 0.28% 0.37% 0.45% 0.54%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [24] x [25] 3 2 4 x x 0.02% 0.01% 0.02%
Other race alone (NH) 31 0 4 5 31 0.17% 0.00% 0.02% 0.03% 0.16%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [26] x [27] 89 191 492 x x 0.45% 1.00% 2.61%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 46 37 121 132 243 0.25% 0.20% 0.61% 0.69% 1.29%
Total 18,382 18,497 19,718 19,027 18,843 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 18,843. The median age was 44.9 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18 and 22.6% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 99.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.8 males age 18 and over.[28][29]

The racial makeup of the county was 95.0% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 1.3% of the population.[29]

29.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 71.0% lived in rural areas.[30]

There were 8,013 households in the county, of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 52.6% were married-couple households, 17.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 23.0% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[28]

There were 8,731 housing units, of which 8.2% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 80.3% were owner-occupied and 19.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.3%.[28]

2000 census

File:HoustonCountyMn2022PopPyr.png
2022 US Census population pyramid for Houston County, from ACS 5-year estimates

As of the census of 2000, there were 19,718 people, 7,633 households and 5,411 families in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 8,168 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 98.47% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. 0.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.1% were of German, 29.6% Norwegian and 7.5% Irish ancestry.

There were 7,633 households, of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.05.

The county population contained 27.2% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.1 males.

The median household income was $40,680 and the median family income was $49,196. Males had a median income of $32,557 and females $22,158. The per capita income was $18,826. About 4.2% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Transit

Major highways

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Airport

Communities

Cities

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Unincorporated communities

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Townships

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Government and politics

Houston County voters have tended to vote Republican in the 21st century. As of 2024 the county had selected the Republican candidate in 75% of presidential elections since 1980. Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot

County Board of Commissioners[31]
Position Name District Next election
Commissioner Dewey Severson 1 2024
Commissioner Eric Johnson 2 2026
Commissioner Bob Burns 3 2024
Commissioner Bob Schuldt 4 2026
Commissioner Greg Myhre 5 2024
State Legislature (2025–2027)
Position Name Affiliation District
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Senate Jeremy Miller[32] Republican District 26
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | House of Representatives Greg Davids[33] Republican District 26B
U.S Congress (2025–2027)
Position Name Affiliation District
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | House of Representatives Brad Finstad[34] Republican 1st
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Senate Amy Klobuchar[35] Democrat N/A
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Senate Tina Smith[36] Democrat

Education

School districts include:[37]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ History 1919, p. 15
  5. ↑ History 1919, p. 94
  6. ↑ History 1919, pp. 94-95
  7. ↑ a b History 1919, p. 95
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c Houston County MN Google Maps (accessed March 12, 2019)
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Nelson, Steven (2011). Savanna Soils of Minnesota. Minnesota: Self. pp. 43-48. Template:ISBN.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  25. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  26. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  27. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  28. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - Text list

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External links

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