Template:Short description
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Script error: No such module "infobox". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2004 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was held on 12 September 2004 for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). The election returned 30 members from directly elected geographical constituencies and 30 members from functional constituencies , of which 11 were unopposed.
An unprecedented number of 3.2 million people registered to vote in the election. The turnout rate was an unprecedented 55.6% with 1,784,406 voters casting ballots , beating the previous record set in 1998 by 200,000 votes.[ 1] pro-democratic opposition candidates gained new seats in the legislature, their gains fell short of their expectations.
In the geographical constituencies , candidates from the pro-democratic camp secured 60 percent of the seats in the geographical sectors of the election , taking 18 seats (up from 17) in this category, and 62 percent of the popular vote. On the other hand, the pro-Beijing and pro-business candidates made greater gains, winning 12 directly elected seats (up from 7). In the functional constituencies which the pro-democratic camp sought to abolish, the camp made more gains (from 5 to 7 seats).
Overall, the democrats took 25 seats and the pro-government camp 35 seats. Bills initiated by the government can still be passed on pro-government support alone, but bills originated by members cannot be passed without democratic support, since these bills require absolute majorities in each sector (geographical and functional) of the legislature.[ 2] two-thirds vote and thereby also require support from the democratic camp.
Despite the increase in the number of seats returned by geographical constituencies and the record turnout, the Democratic Party lost the status of being the largest political party in the Legislative Council to the pro-government Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong , DAB, who secured 12 seats if including the two members who ran under the banner of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions , and pro-business Liberal Party who secured 10 seats, thereby becoming only the third-largest party. Some attributed the poor performance of the pro-democratic camp to tactical miscalculation in vote allocation. This was not helped by some of the democratic parties' personal scandals .
The pro-Beijing and pro-business parties succeeded in retaining the majority in the legislature. However, pro-democracy candidates have maintained the threshold to block changes, if necessary, to the Basic Law of Hong Kong , since a two-thirds vote is required for amendment. The current Legislative Council also saw the entry of more radical members of the democratic camp .
Change in composition According to the Annex II of the Basic Law of Hong Kong , the 6-seat Election Committee constituency indirectly elected by the 800-member Election Committee would be abolished, while the directly elected geographical constituency seats would increase from 24 to 30,[ 3] functional constituencies . As a result, Hong Kong Island and Kowloon East was added one extra seat each, from five to six and four to five respectively, and the New Territories West and New Territories East was added two extra seats each, from six to eight and five to seven respectively, while the number of seats in Kowloon West remained four.
Background The election came amidst the deteriorating governance and intense debates over constitutional reforms in Hong Kong. The Tung Chee-hwa administration had been embattling with economic recession brought by the 1997 financial crisis and the more prominent SARS outbreak in 2003. Nevertheless, the Tung administration pushed forward the controversial Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 legislation which outlawed "treason" and "subversive activities" and raised concerns on its potential threats against Hong Kong people's civil liberties. A group of barristers formed the Basic Law Article 23 Concern Group and rallied against the national security legislation . Over 500,000 people to protested on 1 July 2003, the sixth anniversary of the establishment of the HKSAR, against the legislation, the largest demonstration since the handover.[ 4] Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), the largest pro-Beijing party saw its largest defeat in the District Council elections in November 2003, which alarmed the Beijing and the Hong Kong government.
The Annex I and Annex II of the Basic Law state that the method for selecting the Chief Executive and for forming the Legislative Council could be amended after 2007. The pro-democracy camp argued that the third term of Chief Executive and fourth term of Legislative Council should be elected on the basis of universal suffrage in 2007 and 2008 as stipulated in the Article 45 and 68 of the Basic Law respectively.[ 5] Article 45 Concern Group calling for the early implementation of the universal suffrage. Facing the pro-democracy pressure for full democratisation, in April 2004, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) ruled out the 2007/08 universal suffrage.
Retiring incumbents With the cancellation of the Election Committee constituency , there were total of twelve incumbents chose not to run for re-election. Ip Kwok-him lost his seat in the Central and Western District Council therefore was not qualified for running in the District Council functional constituency .
Opinion polling Script error: No such module "Main list".
File:2004 Legislative Council opinion polling.png Results File:2004 Hong Kong legislative election.svg Result by parties and camps File:2004 Hong Kong legislative election result by party.svg Before election:
↓
22
38
Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing
Change in composition:
↓
25
35
Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing
Summary of the 12 September 2004 Legislative Council of Hong Kong election resultsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Election table/category
Parties and allegiances
Geographical constituencies
Functional constituencies
Total
±
Votes
%
±pp
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Seats
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong
402,420
22.73
Decrease 8
–
–
–
2
10
Template:Nochange 0
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Liberal Party
118,997
6.72
Increase 2
6,126
4.71
Decrease 8
10
Increase
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
52,564
2.97
N/A
1
566
0.44
N/A
2
3
Increase
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Hong Kong Progressive Alliance
14,174
0.80
Decrease 0
17
0.01
Decrease 0
0
Decrease
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
New Century Forum
4,511
0.25
Decrease 0
–
–
–
–
0
Decrease
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Pro-government individuals and others
69,306
3.92
–
1
36,313
27.91
–
11
12
−
Total for pro-Beijing camp
661,972
37.40
Increase 12
43,022
33.07
Decrease 23
35
Decrease
style="background-color:Template:Party color ;width:1px"|
Democratic Party
445,988
25.19
Decrease 7
48,323
37.15
Decrease 2
9
Decrease
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Article 45 Concern Group
117,216
6.62
N/A
3
2,597
2.00
N/A
1
4
Increase
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
The Frontier
121,900
6.89
Increase 1
–
–
–
–
1
Decrease
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
74,671
4.22
Decrease 1
–
–
–
–
1
Template:Nochange 0
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions
69,844
3.95
Decrease 1
–
–
–
–
1
Template:Nochange 0
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
April Fifth Action
60,925
3.44
Increase 1
–
–
–
–
1
Increase
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre
59,033
3.33
Decrease 1
–
–
–
–
1
Template:Nochange 0
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Hong Kong Social Workers' General Union
–
–
–
–
3,199
2.46
N/A
0
0
Template:Nochange 0
style="background-color:Template:Party color "|
Pro democracy individuals and others
155,812
8.80
–
3
27,594
21.21
–
4
7
−
Total for pro-democracy camp
1,105,388
62.44
Increase 18
81,713
62.81
Increase 7
25
Increase
style="background-color:Template:Party color " |
Non-partisan individuals and others
2,830
0.16
–
0
5,351
4.11
–
0
0
−
Total
1,770,190
100.00
30
130,086
100.00
30
60
Template:Nochange 0
Valid votes
1,770,190
99.22
Increase
130,086
96.41
Decrease
Invalid votes
13,941
0.78
Decrease 4,849
3.59
Increase
Votes cast / turnout
1,784,131
55.63
Increase 134,935
70.14
Increase
Registered voters
3,207,227
100.00
Increase 192,374
100.00
Increase
Source turnout: Electoral Affairs Commission . 11 candidates in 11 functional constituencies were elected unopposed to the Legislative Council.
Note: For the joint list of pro-democrats in Hong Kong Island, Kowloon East and New Territories East, the votes are divided equally to each candidate.
Overview The election was largely seen as a contest between the pro-democracy coalition and the pro-business and pro-Beijing coalitions. There were 162 candidates for 60 seats in the LegCo. Before the election, the pro-democratic camp was widely expected to gain the most votes and increase its representation from 22 seats in the LegCo. Some members of the pro-democratic camp aimed at securing an absolute majority of the seats in the legislature so that they would have the power to veto all government proposals.
The democratic camp called for direct elections for the Chief Executive of Hong Kong in 2007 and for LegCo in 2008 , as well as rapid political reform. In contrast, the pro-Beijing and pro-business candidates placed more emphasis on economic growth and social stability. Most of the political parties are now setting 2012 as the ideal time for electoral reform.
While the democratic camp hoped to play up the issue of universal suffrage as a prominent issue in the election, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress ruled out universal suffrage for the Chief Executive election in 2007 and for LegCo elections in 2008 in April 2004 before the election. Despite this, the pro-democratic camp insisted on promoting their agenda, which seemed to backfire when the campaign lost its original momentum. This was not helped by various sex and financial scandals of a few pro-democracy candidates. There were some allegations by the pro-democracy camp of Mainland Chinese influence behind this.
Some of the developments include:
Some reports in phone-in radio programmes that some officials in the Mainland requested businessmen to take photographs of their completed ballots with their mobile phones to prove that they have voted for pro-Beijing candidates. In response, the government removed curtains from polling booths to deter such activities.
The entry into the election race of popular radio show host Albert Cheng , who had accused Beijing of pressuring him to leave his radio program.
The arrest and sentence (by re-education through labour ) of the Democratic Party candidate Alex Ho in Guangdong province of China for (allegedly) being caught and pictured in a hotel bedroom having relations with a prostitute. Although there were some initial predictions that Ho's arrest would help the Democratic Party by highlighting deficiencies in the PRC's judicial system, it is generally agreed that his arrest greatly hurt the party among women voter support in Hong Kong.
The involvement of Democratic Party James To and The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions Chan Yuen-han in scandals relating to the use of public funds for the benefit of their respective political groups.
Human Rights Watch issued a report a few days before the election, accusing the PRC government of creating a "climate of fear" to influence the election. In response, the Hong Kong government claimed that the report was distorted.The assault of a candidate of the Democratic Party in the New Territories East , Wong Sing-chi . The suspect was arrested and reportedly found to be mentally ill.
The election of radical activist "Long Hair" Leung Kwok-hung , who ran as an independent but who is expected to side with pro-democracy representatives despite his revolutionary leanings. Irregularities There were a few reports of irregularities. Some polling stations ran out of ballot boxes, causing long delays in voting. To fit more ballots into the ballot boxes, some election workers forcefully stuffed ballots into the box using objects such as barbecue forks and metal rulers. Some stations also used random cardboard boxes without official seals. Some ballot boxes were opened before the close of polling.
The polling station operating manual had mistakes in it, so some candidate representatives were kicked out after the closing of the poll and were prevented from witnessing the counting, as required by law.
Some candidates have tried to challenge the election results, but have remained unsuccessful thus far.
A report on the election process was published shortly after the election.[ 1] [ 6]
Votes summary File:2004LegCoElectionRingCharts.png Ring charts of the election results showing popular vote against seats won, coloured in green (Pro-democracy camp) and red (Pro-Beijing camp) on the left and the party colours on the right. Seats won in the election (outer ring) against number of votes (inner ring).
Popular vote
Democratic
25.19%
DAB
22.73%
Frontier
6.89%
Liberal
6.72%
A45
6.62%
ADPL
4.22%
CTU
3.95%
AFA
3.44%
NWSC
3.33%
FTU
2.97%
PA
0.80%
NCF
0.25%
Independent
13.93%
Seat summary
Seats
DAB
16.67%
Liberal
16.67%
Democratic
15.00%
A45
6.67%
FTU
5.00%
Frontier
1.67%
ADPL
1.67%
CTU
1.67%
AFA
1.67%
NWSC
1.67%
Independent
31.67%
Incumbents defeated Eight incumbents lost re-election
Candidate lists and results Geographical Constituencies (30 seats) Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota .
Results of the Geographical Constituencies
Hong Kong Island (香港島)
List №
Party/Allegiance
Candidate(s)
Votes
Votes %
Seat(s) won
1
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<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Ma Lik <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Choy So-yuk Christopher <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chung Shu-kun Yeung Wai-foonLee Yuen-kwong<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Cheung Kwok-kwan 74,659
21.1
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Rita <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Fan Hsu Lai-tai 65,661
18.5
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1
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<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tsang Kin-shing Chung Chung-faiTang Chui-chung5,313
1.5
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<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Yeung Sum Martin <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lee Chu-ming Joseph <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lai Chi-keong 131,788
37.2
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2
5
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Kelvin <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Wong Kam-fai
2,830
0.8
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Audrey <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Eu Yuet-mee (Article 45 Concern Group ) Cyd <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Ho Sau-lan (The Frontier , Civic Act-up ) 73,844
20.9
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1
TOTAL (Quota: 59,016 votes, 16.67%) 354,095 100.0
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6
Kowloon West (九龍西)
List №
Party/Allegiance
Candidate(s)
Votes
Votes %
Seat(s) won
1
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<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lau Yuk-shingLeung Suet-fongLau Po-kwan
1,824
0.8
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Frederick <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Fung Kin-kee 46,649
20.5
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1
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<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lau Chin-shek 43,460
19.1
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Jasper <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tsang Yok-sing Chung Kong-moStarry <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lee Wai-king 61,770
27.1
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James <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>To Kun-sun Chan Ka-waiMa Kee60,539
26.6
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6
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<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Liu Sing-lee 13,452
5.9
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TOTAL (Quota: 56,923 votes, 25%) 227,694 100.0
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4
Kowloon East (九龍東)
List №
Party/Allegiance
Candidate(s)
Votes
Votes %
Seat(s) won
1
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Fred <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Li Wah-ming <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Wu Chi-wai Ho Wai-to56,462
19.2
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1
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<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chan Kam-lam Choi Chun-waChan Tak-ming55,306
18.8
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3
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Albert <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Cheng Jing-han Andrew <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>To Kwan-hang (The Frontier) 73,479
25.0
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1
4
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
Alan <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Leong Kah-kit (Article 45 Concern Group) 56,175
19.1
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1
5
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell /DAB
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chan Yuen-han Lam Man-fai<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tang Ka-piu (Independent) 52,564
17.9
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1
TOTAL (Quota: 58,797 votes, 20.00%) 293,986 100.0
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5
New Territories West (新界西)
List №
Party/Allegiance
Candidate(s)
Votes
Votes %
Seat(s) won
1
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
Albert <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chan Wai-yip 36,278
7.83
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1
2
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lee Wing-tat <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chan Yuen-sum 62,500
13.49
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1
3
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
Albert <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Ho Chun-yan <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Cheung Yin-tung 62,342
13.45
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1
4
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Leung Yiu-chung Andrew <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Wan Siu-kin 59,033
12.74
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1
5
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chow Ping-tim
1,725
0.37
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6
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
Stephen <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Char Shik-ngor
9,116
1.97
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7
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tam Yiu-chung <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Cheung Hok-ming <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Leung Che-cheung Au Yeung Po-chunTsui Fan<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chan Han-pan Lo Kwong-singNg King-wah115,251
24.87
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2
8
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Ng Tak-leung
1,920
0.41
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9
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
Selina <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chow Liang Shuk-yee Kenneth <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Ting Woo-shou 50,437
10.88
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1
10
New Century Forum
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lui Hau-tuenSiu Shing-choi<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chan Choi-hi
4,511
0.97
<timeline>
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11
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lee Cheuk-yan Ip Ngok-fung45,725
9.87
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1
12
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Yim Tim-sangKong Fung-yiTai Yin-chiuKwun Tung-wing
14,570
3.14
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TOTAL (Quota: 57,926 votes, 12.50%) 463,408 100.0
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8
New Territories East (新界東)
List №
Party/Allegiance
Candidate(s)
Votes
Votes %
Seat(s) won
1
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Leung Kwok-hung 60,925
14.14
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1
2
Progressive Alliance
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tso Wung-wai 14,174
3.29
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3
7.1 United Front
Andrew <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Cheng Kar-foo (Democratic) Emily <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lau Wai-hing (The Frontier) <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tong Ka-wah (Article 45 Concern Group) <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Wong Sing-chi (Democratic) Richard <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tsoi Yiu-cheong (HKCTU) Ho Suk-ping(Democratic) Ricky <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Or Yiu-lam (The Frontier) 168,833
39.17
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3
4
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
James <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Tien Pei-chun 68,560
15.91
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1
5
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
Andrew <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Wong Wang-fat 23,081
5.36
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6
REDIRECT Template:Party name with color Template:Redirect category shell
<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Lau Kong-wah <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Li Kwok-ying Mok Kam-kwaiChan Kwok-kaiSo Sai-chiWong Pik-kiu<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Chan Hak-kan 95,434
22.14
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2
TOTAL (Quota: 61,572 votes, 14.29%) 431,007 100.0
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7
Functional Constituencies (30 seats) Voting systems: Different voting systems apply to different functional constituencies, namely for the Heung Yee Kuk , Agriculture and Fisheries , Insurance and Transport , the preferential elimination system of voting; and for the remaining 24 FCs used the first-past-the-post voting system .[ 7]
Notes
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References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". ↑ Wong, Yiu-Chung. One Country, Two Systems in Crisis: Hong Kong's Transformation Since the Handover. Lexington books.
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links Template:Hong Kong legislative election, 2004 navbox
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