Armed Forces of Honduras

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The Armed Forces of Honduras (Template:Langx) consists of the Honduran Army, Honduran Navy and Honduran Air Force.

History

Early republican era

The Armed Forces of Honduras were created through article 44, subsection 4 of the First Constitution of the Legislative Chamber in 1825, with the First Supreme Head of State being the Attorney Dionisio de Herrera, for which, they ordered the effective birth of the Honduran army in dated December 11, 1825 and for its greater mobility, it was divided into battalions with the name of each of the seven departments Comayagua the capital, Tegucigalpa, Choluteca, Olancho, Yoro, Gracias and Santa Bárbara that were in charge of strategically and tactically covering order and defense of the state, under French military doctrine. In 1831 the Military School was created with a seat at the San Francisco Barracks, and Colonel Narciso Benítez of Colombian origin was appointed director; From this school graduated: Francisco Morazán, José Antonio Márquez, Diego Vigil, Liberato Moncada, Joaquín Rivera and José Santos Guardiola who were presidents of Honduras, among others.

The first weaponry used was flintlock and gunpowder, the product of mixing sulfur, saltpeter, and coal in relative quantities: the Remington single-load rifle was one of the first bullet rifles that were introduced into the country during the government of General José María Medina.

Mid 19th century

The second stage of the Armed Forces is between the years 1842 and 1876 when the collective uniform emerged in the mid-1840s when the troops of General José Santos Guardiola faced those of General Nicolás Ángulo, in 1845 in the "Combate del Obrajuelo", in San Miguel, El Salvador.

In 1865 the first attempt was made to organize a Naval Force with its respective regulations; however, the cost of this service made it unsustainable; However, there were several attempts to reactivate the idea and one of them was carried out by Doctor Policarpo Bonilla, who ordered the construction of the Tatumbla steamship in the Kiel shipyard, Germany on November 22, 1895, and then in 1896 respectively, General Manuel Bonilla had the 'Hornet built. While he administered Honduras, the Doctor and General Don Tiburcio Carias Andino also ordered the construction of the steamers Búfalo and El Tigre. On January 1, 1881, the first Military Code of the Honduran army was issued, a legal instrument to govern its own organization.

20th century

During the twentieth century, Honduran military leaders frequently became presidents, either through elections or by coups d'état. General Tiburcio Carías Andino was elected in 1932, he later on called a constituent assembly that allowed him to be reelected, and his rule became more authoritarian until an election in 1948.

During the following decades, the military of Honduras carried out several coups d'état, starting in October 1955. General Oswaldo López Arellano carried out the next coup in October 1963 and a second in December 1972, followed by coups in 1975 by Juan Alberto Melgar Castro and in 1978 by Policarpo Paz García.

1980s

Events during the 1980s in El Salvador and Nicaragua led Honduras – with US assistance – to expand its armed forces considerably, laying particular emphasis on its air force, which came to include a squadron of US-provided F-5s.

The military unit Battalion 316 carried out political assassinations and the torture of suspected political opponents of the government during this same period. Battalion members received training and support from the United States Central Intelligence Agency, in Honduras, at U.S. military bases[1] and in Chile during the presidency of the dictator Augusto Pinochet.[2] Amnesty International estimated that at least 184 people "disappeared" from 1980 to 1992 in Honduras, most likely due to actions of the Honduran military.[3]

1990s

The resolution of the civil wars in El Salvador and Nicaragua, and across-the-board budget cuts made in all ministries, has brought reduced funding for the Honduran Armed Forces. The abolition of the draft has created staffing gaps in the now all-volunteer armed forces. The military is now far below its authorized strength, and further reductions are expected. In January 1999, the Constitution was amended to abolish the position of military Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, thus codifying civilian authority over the Military.

2000s

Since 2002, soldiers have been involved in crime prevention and law enforcement, patrolling the streets of the major cities alongside the national police.

2009

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On 28 June 2009, in the context of a constitutional crisis, the Military, acting on orders of the Supreme Court of Justice, arrested the President Manuel Zelaya, after which they forcibly removed elected President Zelaya from Honduras. See the article 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis regarding claims regarding legitimacy and illegitimacy of the event, and events preceding and following the removal of Zelaya from Honduras.

The military's chief lawyer, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza Membreño, made public statements regarding the removal of Zelaya. On June 30, he showed a detention order, apparently signed June 26 by a Supreme Court judge, which ordered the armed forces to detain the president.[4] Colonel Inestroza later stated that deporting Zelaya did not comply with the court order: "In the moment that we took him out of the country, in the way that he was taken out, there is a crime. Because of the circumstances of the moment this crime occurred, there is going to be a justification and cause for acquittal that will protect us."[5] He said the decision was taken by the military leadership "in order to avoid bloodshed".[6]

Following the 2009 ouster of the president, the Honduran military together with other government security forces were allegedly responsible for thousands of allegedly arbitrary detentions[7] and for several forced disappearances and extrajudicial executions of opponents to the de facto government, including members of the Democratic Unification Party. However, evidence about these actions has yet to be provided and there has been some questioning in local media about the actual perpetrators, suggesting that they could actually be related to disputes within the leftists organizations themselves.[8][9][10][11][12][13]

Army

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The Honduran Army (Template:Langx) is the land service branch of the Armed Forces of Honduras.

Air Force

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The FAH operates from four air bases located at:

With the exception of Soto Cano Air Base, all other air bases operate as dual civil and military aviation facilities.

Additionally, three air stations are located at:

  • Catacamas
  • Alto Aguán (bomb range)
  • Puerto Lempira airstrips serve as forward operations locations-FOL.

Also a radar station operates at:

  • La Mole peak.

Navy

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The Navy is a small force dealing with coastal and riverine security.

The Navy has 71 patrol boats, interceptors and landing craft units.

Class Origin Type Versions In service Fleet
ISRAEL SHIPYARDS Sa'ar 62-class offshore patrol vessel
62.0 meters / 204 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Ocean patrol vessel OPV-62M 1 FNH-2021 General Trinidad Cabañas
Delivered by Israel Shipyard and arrived in country December 2019
Damen Stan Patrol Boat
42.8 meters / 140 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Coastal patrol vessel 4207 2 FNH-1401 Lempira
FNH-1402 General Francisco Morazán
LANTANA BOATYARD Guardian Patrol Boats
32.3 meters / 107 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Coastal patrol craft 3 FNH-1071 Tegucigalpa[15]
FNH-1072 Copán
FNH-1073 unknown name
SWIFTSHIPS Patrol Boats
32.0 meters / 105 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Coastal patrol craft 3 FNH-1051 Guaymuras
FNH-1052 Honduras
FNH-1053 Hibueras
IAI Dabur Type Patrol Boat
26.0 meters / 85 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag".		 Coastal patrol craft 1 FNH-8501 Chamelecón
SWIFTSHIPS Patrol Boats
20.0 meters / 65 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Coastal patrol craft 5 FNH 6501 Nacaome
FNH 6502 Goascorán
FNH 6503 Patuca
FNH 6504 Ulúa
FNH 6505 Choluteca
BOSTON WHALER Interceptors BW370
11.4 meters / 38 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Interceptor boat Guardian class 10 N/A
DAMEN Interceptors 1102 UHS
11.0 meters / 36 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Interceptor boat 1102 UHS 6 FNH-3601 to FNH-3606
SAFE BOATS 35MMI Multi Misión Interceptor
10.7 meters / 35 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag".		 Interceptor boat 35 MMI 2[16] FNH-3501
FNH-3502
EDUARDOÑO Patrullero 320
10.0 meters / 32 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Interceptor boat 25 FNH-3201 to FNH-3225
NAPCO Piraña Patrol Boats
4.0 meters / 13 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Riverine ops boat Piraña class 8
LANTANA BOATYARD Landing Craft Unit
45.5 meters / 149 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Coastal transport 1 FNH-1491 Punta Caxinas
COTECMAR BAL-C Short Range Logistic Support Ship
49.0 meters / 161 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Short Range Logistic Support Ship BAL-C 1 FNH-1611 Gracias a Dios[17][18][19]
SWIFTSHIPS LCM-8 Landing Craft Unit
22.9 meters / 75 feet		 Script error: No such module "flag". Landing craft 3 FNH-7301 Warunta
FNH-7302 Rio Coco
FNH-7303 unknown name

The Honduran navy has 4 naval bases:

  • Base Naval Puerto Cortés – main repair and logistics base on the Caribbean Sea
  • Base Naval Puerto Castilla – main operating base of patrol boats on the Caribbean Sea
  • Base Naval Amapala – main operating base of coastal patrol craft on the north end of the island and only base on the Pacific Ocean side of Honduras
  • Base Naval Caratasca – new base to deal with drug trafficking

Additionally, the Honduran navy has the following unit and schools:

  • 1st. Marine Infantry Battalion – only marine unit located at La Ceiba
  • Honduras Naval Academy – Trains officers for the Honduras Navy at La Ceiba
  • Naval Training Center – NCO and Sailor training facility

Military-civilian relations and leadership

According to a statement in July 2009 by a legal counsel of the Honduras military, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, part of the elite Honduran Military generals were opposed to President Manuel Zelaya, whom the Military had removed from Honduras via a military Coup d'état, because of his left-wing politics. Inestroza stated, "It would be difficult for us [the military], with our training, to have a relationship with a leftist government. That's impossible."[5]

The current Head of the Armed Forces is Carlos Antonio Cuéllar, graduate of the General Francisco Morazan Military Academy and the School of the Americas. In January 2011, the General Rene Arnoldo Osorio Canales, former Head of the Presidential Honor Guard, was appointed Commander.

As of 2012 the Honduran Military has the highest military expenditures of all Central America. They have 52,225 troops in their Army, they have 16,500 troops in their Air Force, and 5,300 troops in their Navy.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Equipment

Small arms

Name Image Caliber Type Origin Notes
Pistols
Browning Hi-Power[20] File:FN Hi Power.jpg 9×19mm Semi-automatic pistol File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
Beretta 93R[20] File:B93R (2).jpg 9×19mm Machine pistol File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Submachine guns
Uzi[20] File:Uzi of the israeli armed forces noBG.png 9×19mm Submachine gun File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Uzi and Mini-Uzi
MAC-10[20] File:MAC10.jpg 9×19mm Submachine gun File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Heckler & Koch MP5[20] File:HK MP5 noBG.png 9×19mm Submachine gun File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Rifles
IWI Galil ACE[21] File:IWI 3686.jpg 5.56×45mm Assault rifle File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel
IWI Tavor X95[22] File:MicroTavorX95MARS-white.jpg 5.56×45mm Bullpup
Assault rifle 		File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel
M16A1[20] File:M16A1 brimob.jpg 5.56×45mm Assault rifle File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
FN FAL[20] File:FN-FAL belgian noBG.png 7.62×51mm Battle rifle File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
M14[20] File:M14 Stand-off Munitions Disruptor (SMUD) (7414626342).jpg 7.62×51mm Semi-automatic rifle File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States
Ruger Mini-14[20] File:Mini14GB noBG.jpg .223 Remington Battle rifle File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Machine guns
Browning M2[20] File:PEO Browning M2E2 QCB (c1).jpg .50 BMG Heavy machine gun File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States
M60[20] File:M60 Medium Machine Gun (7414626098).jpg 7.62×51mm General-purpose machine gun File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States
FN MAG[20] File:IDF-FN-MAG.png 7.62×51mm General-purpose machine gun File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
Rocket propelled grenade launchers
RPG-7[20] File:RPG-7 detached.jpg 40mm Rocket-propelled grenade File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
Grenade launchers
M203[20] File:PEO M203A2 Grenade Launcher.png 40×46mm SR Grenade launcher File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
M79[20] File:M79 Grenade Launcher (7414625716).jpg 40×46mm Grenade launcher File:Flag of the United States.svg United States

Anti-tank weapons

Name Image Type Origin Caliber Notes
M18[20] File:M18 57mm Recoilless Rifle pic1.JPG Recoilless rifle File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States 57mm
M40A1[23] File:Recoilless-rifle-beyt-hatotchan-1.jpg Recoilless rifle File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States 105mm 50 in service
Carl Gustav[24] File:M3E1.jpg Recoilless rifle File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 84mm 120 in service

Tanks

Name Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
FV101 Scorpion File:Alvis Scorpion Light Tank.jpg Light tank File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 19
FV107 Scimitar File:Scimitar Light Tank MOD 45149231.jpg Light tank File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 3

Reconnaissance

Name Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
RBY Mk 1 File:RBY-MkI-latrun-2.jpg Reconnaissance vehicle File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 16[25]
Alvis Saladin File:On patrol.jpg Armored car File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 48[26] Purchased from Germany in 1984

Armored personnel carriers

Name Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
FV105 Sultan File:Royal Army FV105 Sultan IFOR.jpg Armored personnel carrier File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 1 Purchased from United Kingdom in 1981

Utility vehicles

Name Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
Humvee File:Hamer VS 1.jpg LUV File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 50
M151[27] File:AMG M151 A2 (1978) GB (owner Gavin Broad).JPG Utility vehicle File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Unknown
Jeep J8[28] File:Military Light Tactical Vehicle Type C Parked at Gangshan Air Force Base 20170812a.jpg Utility vehicle File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 10
Nissan Frontier File:Royal Thai Army, Nissan Navara utility vehicle..jpg Utility vehicle File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 1,200
Toyota Hilux File:Royal Thai Army, Toyota Hilux Vigo utility vehicle..jpg Utility vehicle File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 47
Trucks
M715 File:Armistice 100 Easter Rally, 22 March, 2018 (27076787628).jpg Utility truck File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Unknown
M35[27] File:M35.jpg Utility truck File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Unknown
M54[27] File:Arkansas Air & Military Museum May 2017 55 (M54 5-ton 6x6 truck).jpg Utility truck File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Unknown
Ford F-150 File:1991 Ford F-150 4WD ambulance - RAAF (5307955404).jpg Utility truck File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 44
Ford F-350 File:Ford Super Duty militar.jpg Utility truck File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Ashok Leyland Stallion[29] File:Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ)'s Stallion Truck for the Indian Army.jpg Utility truck File:Flag of India.svg India 110
Ashok Leyland Topchi[29] Utility truck File:Flag of India.svg India 28
Isuzi Q-Series[30] File:JMSDF Track(ISUZU ELF) in Hanshin Base 20130720.JPG Utility truck File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 18

Artillery

Name Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
Mortars
M1[31] File:81 mm Mortar M1.jpg Mortar File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States 217
M29[31] File:Mortar M29.jpg Mortar File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States 203
Soltam M-65[32] File:Mortar-120mm-beyt-hatotchan-1.jpg Mortar File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 30
Soltam M-66[32] File:Soltam-Mortar-160mm-beyt-hatotchan-2.jpg Mortar File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 30
Field artillery
M198[33] File:JBLM Artillery 3.jpg Howitzer File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 4
M102[34] File:Gowen Field Military Heritage Museum, Gowen Field ANGB, Boise, Idaho 2018 (39863109573).jpg Howitzer File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 24
M101 File:JGSDF 105mm Howitzer M2A1(Type 58 105mm Howitzer) left front view at Camp Nihonbara October 1, 2017.jpg Howitzer File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States 20

Air defence systems

Name Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
Zastava M55 A2Template:Sfn File:Hispano-Suisa-M55-20x3-hatzerim-2.jpg Anti-aircraft gun File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia 24
M167 VADS File:JASDF VADS1 Kai in Hamamatsu Air Base 20140928-01.JPG Rotary cannon File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 30

Historical equipment

Rifles

Submachine gun

Machine guns

Anti tank weapons

Field artillery

Anti-aircraft artillery

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Equipo_Nizkor, LA APARICION DE OSAMENTAS EN UNA ANTIGUA BASE MILITAR DE LA CIA EN HONDURAS REABRE LA PARTICIPACION ARGENTINO-NORTEAMERICANA EN ESE PAIS., Margen Template:In lang
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b English summary of interview with the legal counsel of the Honduras armed forces, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".; original Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35th edition (January 27, 2009). Template:ISBN.
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Jowett, Phillip, Latin American Wars 1900-1941: Osprey Publishing (2018)
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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External links

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  • Script error: No such module "Official website".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • [1] Template:Webarchive

Template:Honduras topics Script error: No such module "Navbox".

Template:Authority control

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