Help:IPA/Spanish
< Help:IPA
Template:IPA key The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Spanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Template:Section link.
For terms that are more relevant to regions that have not undergone Script error: No such module "Lang". (where words such as Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". are pronounced differently), words spelled with Template:Vr can be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. This unmerged pronunciation predominates in the Andes, lowland Bolivia, Paraguay, some rural regions of Spain and some of northern Spain's urban upper class.[1]
For terms that are more relevant to regions that have Script error: No such module "Lang". (where words such as Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". are pronounced the same), words spelled with Template:Vr or Template:Vr (the latter only before Template:Vr or Template:Vr) can be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. This pronunciation is most commonly found outside mainland Spain.
In all other cases, if a local pronunciation is made, it should be labeled as "local" (e.g. {{IPA|es|...|local}}).
See Spanish phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Spanish, and Spanish dialects and varieties for regional variation.
Key
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See also
Notes
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- ↑ Template:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "IPA". are pronounced as fricatives or approximants Script error: No such module "IPA". in all places except after a pause, Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"., or in the case of Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"., after Script error: No such module "IPA".. In the latter environments, they are stops Script error: No such module "IPA". like English Template:Vr, but are fully voiced in all positions, unlike in English. When it is distinct from Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA". is realized as an approximant Script error: No such module "IPA". in all positions Template:Harvcol.
- ↑ a b c The distinction between Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". is lost in word-internal syllable-final positions. The resulting realization varies from Script error: No such module "IPA". to Script error: No such module "IPA". to Script error: No such module "IPA". to Script error: No such module "IPA"., with voiced approximants/fricatives (i.e. Script error: No such module "IPA".) being the usual form in conversational style Template:Harvcol.
- ↑ a b c d When preceding a voiced consonant, Script error: No such module "IPA". may be voiced (Script error: No such module "IPA".), but since this is variable Template:Harvcol, Script error: No such module "IPA". are always transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA in this system.
- ↑ a b c Most speakers no longer distinguish Script error: No such module "IPA". from Script error: No such module "IPA".; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See Script error: No such module "Lang". and Template:Harvcoltxt for more information.
- ↑ a b c d e Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velars, they are Template:IPAblink, and before labials, they are Template:IPAblink. The labiodental Template:IPAblink appears before Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- ↑ a b The rhotic consonants, Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink, only contrast word-medially between vowels, where they are usually spelled Template:Vr and Template:Vr, respectively. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution: Word-initially, stem-initially, and after Script error: No such module "IPA"., only Script error: No such module "IPA". is found; before a consonant or pause, the two are interchangeable, but Script error: No such module "IPA". is more common (hence so represented here). Elsewhere, only Script error: No such module "IPA". is found. When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary they result in one long trill, which is transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA in this key: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". Template:Harvcol.
- ↑ a b In much of Hispanic America and in the southern half of Spain, Script error: No such module "IPA". in syllable-final positions is either pronounced as Template:IPAblink or not pronounced at all. In transcriptions linked to this key, however, it is always represented by Template:Angbr IPA.
- ↑ a b c Northern and Central Spain distinguish between Template:Vr (Template:IPAslink) and soft Template:Vr or Template:Vr (Template:IPAslink). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical, either pronouncing them as Script error: No such module "IPA". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in Latin America and some parts of Andalusia, or as Script error: No such module "IPA". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in most of Andalusia. In areas with the distinction, the alveolar sibilant is typically more retracted (often perceived as closer to the sound represented by Template:Vr in Script error: No such module "Lang".) than in areas with Script error: No such module "Lang".. Contrary to Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". are not phonemic mergers but the outcome of a different evolution of sibilants in southern Spain in comparison with northern and central dialects. See phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives and Template:Harvcoltxt for more information.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "IPA". is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink; e.g. Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- ↑ Script error: No such module "IPA". is pronounced as Template:IPAblink in many accents such as those in the Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands Template:Harvcol. It is pronounced as Template:IPAblink in northern Peninsular Spanish Template:Harvcol.
- ↑ The letter Template:Vr represents Script error: No such module "IPA". only in certain proper names like Script error: No such module "Lang". and some placenames in current or former Mexico (e.g. Oaxaca and Texas).
- ↑ The letter Template:Vr represents Script error: No such module "IPA". only in loanwords; in native words it is always silent, unless it is a part of the digraph Template:Angbr.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "IPA". are allophones of Script error: No such module "IPA". that manifest when unstressed and adjacent to another vowel. Mid vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". may also be realized as semivowels, as in Script error: No such module "IPA". (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".). Semivocalic realizations of Script error: No such module "IPA". may in addition be raised to Script error: No such module "IPA"., as in Script error: No such module "IPA"., which is common in Latin America, but stigmatized in Spain Template:Harvcol. Since both these phenomena are optional and predictable, they are not reflected in transcription (Script error: No such module "IPA".).
- ↑ Some speakers may pronounce word-initial Script error: No such module "IPA". with an epenthetic Script error: No such module "IPA". (e.g. Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".).
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Navbox".