Help:IPA/Polish

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Template:IPA key

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Polish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:Tl, Template:Tl, and Template:Section link.

See Polish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Polish.

Template:Horizontal TOC

Consonants[1]
IPA Polish Example English approximation
Template:IPA link b Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler bike
Template:IPA link ś, s(i)[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler she
Template:IPA link d Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler door
Template:IPA link[3] dz Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler beds
Template:IPA link[3] dź, dz(i)[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler jeep[4]
Template:IPA link[3] dż Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler jug[4]
Template:IPA link f Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler feist
Template:IPA link g Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler girl
Template:IPA link g(i)[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler argue
Template:IPA link ch, h Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler Spanish amigo
Template:IPA link j, i[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler yes
Template:IPA link[5] ń Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler point
Template:IPA link k Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler scam
Template:IPA link k(i)[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler skew
Template:IPA link l Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler lion
Template:IPA link m[6] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler mile
Template:IPA link n[6] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler Nile
Template:IPA link ń, n(i)[6][2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler canyon
Template:IPA link[7] n[6] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler doing
Template:IPA link p Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler spike
Template:IPA link r Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler American English atom
Template:IPA link s Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler sign
Template:IPA link sz Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler shore[4]
Template:IPA link t Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler stow
Template:IPA link[3] ć, c(i)[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler cheer[4]
Template:IPA link[3] c Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler cats
Template:IPA link[3] cz Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler child[4]
Template:IPA link w Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler vile
Template:IPA link ł Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler way
Template:IPA link ch, h Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler Scottish loch
Template:IPA link ch(i), h(i)[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler huge
Template:IPA link z Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler raisin
Template:IPA link ź, z(i)[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler vision, azure[4]
Template:IPA link ż, rz Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler
Vowels
IPA Polish Example English approximation
Template:IPA link a Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler father
Template:IPA link e Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler bet
Template:IPA link ę[6] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler French vin
Template:IPA link i[2] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler eat
Template:IPA link y Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler mill
Template:IPA link o Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler off
Template:IPA link ą[6] Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler croissant
Template:IPA link u, ó Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler pool
Other symbols used for Polish
IPA Explanation
Template:IPA link Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), usually the penultimate syllable of a word.
Template:IPA link Secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable).
Template:IPA link Syllable break.

See also

Explanatory notes

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  1. ↑ All voiced obstruents Script error: No such module "IPA". are devoiced to Script error: No such module "IPA". respectively at the ends of words and in clusters ending in any unvoiced obstruents. Voiceless obstruents are voiced (Script error: No such module "IPA". becoming Template:IPAblink, etc.) in clusters ending in any voiced obstruent except Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". (when spelled with rz), which are then themselves devoiced.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j The letter Template:Angbr, when it is followed by a vowel, represents a pronunciation like a Template:Angbr or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so Script error: No such module "Lang". is pronounced as if it were spelt *pjes). It has the same effect as an acute accent on alveolar consonants (Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr) so Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". are pronounced as if they were spelt *śę, *ćos, *ńańa. A following Template:Angbr also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel: Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". are pronounced as if they were spelled *źima, *ći, *dźiśaj. The phonemes represented by Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr and Template:Angbr are most often analyzed as soft (i.e. palatalized) before Template:Angbr and Template:Angbr and as hard (i.e. followed by a full Script error: No such module "IPA".) before Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Polish contrasts affricates Script error: No such module "IPA". with stop–fricative clusters: for example, Template:Wikt-lang Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler "clean" versus Template:Wikt-lang Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler "three hundred".
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Polish makes a distinction between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound roughly like the English postalveolars Script error: No such module "IPA".. The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard", with the tip of the tongue approaching the alveolar ridge and the blade of the tongue somewhat lowered, and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft", realized with the middle of the tongue raised, adding a bit of an Template:Angbr sound to them.
  5. ↑ Allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". before fricatives.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f The letters Template:Angbr and Template:Angbr represent the nasal vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". except when they are followed by a stop or affricate, in which case they represent oral vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". followed by a nasal consonant homorganic with the following stop or affricate: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". (as if spelled *kont, *gemba, *renka, *piszoncy, *pieńondze, *pieńć, *jenczy).
  7. ↑ Allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". before a velar Script error: No such module "IPA". in some cases.

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Polish language

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