Help:IPA

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File:IPA chart 2020.svg

The latest official IPA chart, revised in 2020

Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, see Help:IPA/English. Several rare IPA symbols are not included; these are found in the main IPA article or on the extensive IPA chart. For the Manual of Style guideline for pronunciation, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation.

For each IPA symbol, an English example is given where possible; here "RP" stands for Received Pronunciation. The foreign languages that are used to illustrate additional sounds are primarily the ones most likely to be familiar to English speakers: French, Standard German and Spanish. For symbols not covered by those, recourse is taken to the populous languages Standard Chinese, Hindustani, Arabic and Russian. For sounds still not covered, other well-analyzed languages are used, such as Swahili, Zulu and Turkish.

The left-hand column displays the individual symbols in square brackets (Template:IPAblink). Click on the speaker icon to hear the sound; click on the symbol itself for a dedicated article with a more complete description and examples from multiple languages. Consonant sounds are spoken once followed by a vowel and once between vowels (e.g. Template:IPAblink "fa, a-fa").

If the characters do not display, you may need to install a supporting font. Free fonts with good IPA support include Gentium (serif) and Andika (sans-serif).

Main symbols

The symbols are arranged by similarity to letters of the Latin alphabet. Symbols which do not resemble any Latin letter are placed at the end, the others section.

Symbol	Examples	Description
^ top A
Template:IPAblink	Modern RP cat, German Mann, French gare	The RP vowel is often transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA for historical reasons. For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow.
Template:IPAblink	Mandarin 他 tā, American English father, Spanish casa, French patte
Template:IPAblink	RP cut, German Kaiserslautern	(In transcriptions of English, is usually written Template:Angbr IPA.)
Template:IPAblink	RP father, French pâte, Dutch bad
Template:IPAblink	French Caen, sans, temps	Nasalized .
Template:IPAblink	Canadian English lot, Persian / fârsi	Like , but with the lips slightly rounded.
Template:IPAblink	American English cut	Like , but without the lips being rounded. (When Template:Angbr IPA is used for English, it may really be or .)
Template:IPAblink	GA cat
^ top B
Template:IPAblink	English babble
Template:IPAblink	Swahili bwana	Like a said with a gulp. See implosive consonants.
Template:IPAblink	Spanish abril, Kinyarwanda abana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa	Like , but with the lips not quite closed.
Template:IPAblink	Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw"	Sputtering.
^ top C
Template:IPAblink	Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and"	Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for in languages like Hindi.
Template:IPAblink	German Ich	More of a [j]-coloration (more palatal) than . Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. This sound can be produced by whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
Template:IPAblink	Mandarin 先 xiān, Polish ściana	More [j]-like than ; something like English she.
Template:IPAblink	see under O
^ top D
Template:IPAblink	English dad
Template:IPAblink	Swahili Dodoma	Like said with a gulp.
Template:IPAblink	American English harder	Like with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:IPAblink	English the, bathe
Template:IPAblink	English adds, Italian zero
Template:IPAblink	English judge
Template:IPAblink	Polish niedźwiedź "bear"	Like , but with more of a [j]-sound.
Template:IPAblink	Polish dżem "jam"	Like with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top E
Template:IPAblink	Scottish English day, Australian English bet, Spanish fe; French clé, German Klee	Similar to American English hey, before the y sets in.
Template:IPAblink	Australian English bird
Template:IPAblink	English above, Hindi अब (ab) "now"
Template:IPAblink	American English runner
Template:IPAblink	British, Irish, North American English bet, New Zealand English bat
Template:IPAblink	French Saint-Étienne, vin, main	Nasalized .
Template:IPAblink	RP bird (long)
Template:IPAblink	American English bird
^ top F
Template:IPAblink	English fun
Template:IPAblink	see under J
Template:IPAblink	see under J
^ top G
Template:IPAblink	English gag	(Should look like File:Opentail g.svg. Not different from a Latin "g")
Template:IPAblink	Swahili Uganda	Like said with a gulp.
Template:IPAblink		Like , but further back, in the throat. Found in Persian and some Arabic dialects for , as in Muammar Gaddafi.
Template:IPAblink	see under Z	English beige.
^ top H
Template:IPAblink	American English house
Template:IPAblink	English ahead, when said quickly.
Template:IPAblink		The extra puff of air in English top compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish .
Template:IPAblink	Arabic Template:Wikt-lang Muḥammad	Far down in the throat, like , but stronger.
Template:IPAblink	Iraqi Arabic [ʜaj] "alive"	Corresponds to /ħ/ (ح) in Standard Arabic.
Template:IPAblink	see under Y
Template:IPAblink	see under L
^ top I
Template:IPAblink	English sea, French ville, Spanish Valladolid
Template:IPAblink	British, Irish, North American English sit, New Zealand English set
Template:IPAblink	Russian ты "you"	Often used for unstressed English roses.
^ top J
Template:IPAblink	English yes, hallelujah, German Junge
Template:IPAblink	In Russian Ленин	Indicates a sound is more [j]-like.
Template:IPAblink	Spanish cayo (some dialects)	Like , but stronger.
Template:IPAblink	Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole"	Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for in languages like Hindi.
Template:IPAblink	Swahili jambo	Like said with a gulp.
^ top K
Template:IPAblink	English kick, skip
^ top L
Template:IPAblink	English leaf
Template:IPAblink	English wool Russian малый "small"	"Dark" el.
Template:IPAblink	Welsh llwyd "grey" Zulu hlala "sit"	By touching the roof of mouth with the tongue and giving a quick breath out. Found in Welsh placenames like Llangollen and Llanelli and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
Template:IPAblink		Like with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:IPAblink		A flapped , like and said together.
Template:IPAblink	Zulu dla "eat"	Rather like and , or and , said together.
Template:IPAblink
^ top M
Template:IPAblink	English mime
Template:IPAblink	English symphony	Like , but the lips touch the teeth as they do in .
Template:IPAblink	see under W
Template:IPAblink	see under W
^ top N
Template:IPAblink	English nun
Template:IPAblink	English sing, Māori nga
Template:IPAblink	Spanish Peña, French champagne	Rather like English canyon ( said quickly).
Template:IPAblink	Hindi वरुण Varuna	Like with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:IPAblink	Castilian Spanish Don Juan	Like , but further back, in the throat.
^ top O
Template:IPAblink	Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand English caught (long) Spanish no, French eau, German Boden	Somewhat reminiscent of American English no. The RP vowel is usually transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA for historical reasons.
Template:IPAblink	Modern RP, Australian and New Zealand English cot German Oldenburg, French Garonne	The RP vowel is usually transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA for historical reasons.
Template:IPAblink	French Lyon, son	Nasalized .
Template:IPAblink	New Zealand English nurse, French feu, bœufs, German Goethe	Like , but with the lips rounded like .
Template:IPAblink	Modern RP foot, Dutch hut, French je, Swedish dum	Halfway between and . Similar to but with the tongue slightly more down and front. The RP vowel is typically transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA, the Dutch vowel is often transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA, whereas the French vowel is typically transcribed with Template:Angbr IPA.
Template:IPAblink	French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen	Like , but with the lips rounded like .
Template:IPAblink	French brun, parfum	Nasalized .
Template:IPAblink
Template:IPAblink	see under Others
Template:IPAblink	see under Others
^ top P
Template:IPAblink	English pip
^ top Q
Template:IPAblink	Arabic Template:Wikt-lang Qur’ān	Like , but further back, in the throat.
^ top R
Template:IPAblink	Spanish perro, Scottish English borrow	"Rolled R". (Often used for other rhotics, such as English , when there's no ambiguity.)
Template:IPAblink	Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie	Like a “rolled R”, except the tongue flaps only once.
Template:IPAblink	Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers)	A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
Template:IPAblink	Urdu ساڑی "saree"	Like flapped , but with the tongue curled back.
Template:IPAblink	most accents of English borrow
Template:IPAblink	Tamil புழு puḻu "worm", Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter	Like , but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
Template:IPAblink	French Paris, German Riemann (some dialects)	Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
^ top S
Template:IPAblink	English sass
Template:IPAblink	English shoe
Template:IPAblink	Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin)	Acoustically similar to , but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top T
Template:IPAblink	English tot, stop
Template:IPAblink	Hindi टमाटर (ṭamāṭar) "tomato"	Like , but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:IPAblink	English cats, Russian царь tsar
Template:IPAblink	English church
Template:IPAblink	Mandarin 北京 Běijīng (Template:Error-smallTemplate:Category handler), Polish ciebie "you"	Like , but with more of a [j]-sound.
Template:IPAblink	Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas	Like with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top U
Template:IPAblink	American English food, French vous "you", German Schumacher
Template:IPAblink	American English foot, German Bundesrepublik
Template:IPAblink	Modern RP, Australian English food (long)	Like , but with the lips rounded as for .
Template:IPAblink	see under V
Template:IPAblink	see under Y
Template:IPAblink	see under W
^ top V
Template:IPAblink	English verve
Template:IPAblink	Hindi वरुण "Varuna"	Between and . Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
Template:IPAblink	see under Y
Template:IPAblink	see under Y
Template:IPAblink	see under A
^ top W
Template:IPAblink	English wow
Template:IPAblink		Indicates a sound has lip rounding, as in English rain
Template:IPAblink	what (some dialects)	like and said together
Template:IPAblink	Turkish kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol	Like , but with the lips flat; something like .
Template:IPAblink	Spanish agua	Like [w], but with the lips flat.
^ top X
Template:IPAblink	Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хлеб "bread", Spanish joven	between and
Template:IPAblink	northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan	Like , but further back, in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have for .
^ top Y
Template:IPAblink	French rue, German Bülow	Like , but with the lips rounded as for .
Template:IPAblink	Scottish English foot, German Düsseldorf	Like , but with the lips rounded as for .
Template:IPAblink	Arabic Template:Wikt-lang and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro	Sounds rather like French or between and .
Template:IPAblink	Mandarin 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh	Like but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of and .
Template:IPAblink	Italian tagliatelle, Portuguese mulher	Like , but more [j]-like. Rather like English volume.
Template:IPAblink	French lui	Like and said together.
^ top Z
Template:IPAblink	English zoo
Template:IPAblink	English vision, French journal
Template:IPAblink	old-styled Russian позже "later", Polish źle	More [j]-like than , something like beigey.
Template:IPAblink	Russian жир "fat"	Like with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:IPAblink	see under L
^ top Others
Template:IPAblink	English thigh, bath
Template:IPAblink	Japanese 富士 Fuji, Māori wharenui	Like , but with the lips not quite touching
Template:IPAblink	English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst	The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button , or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina ; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple .
Template:IPAblink	Arabic Template:Wikt-lang / "Arabic"	A light, voiced sound deep in the throat, articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx (back of the throat).
Template:IPAblink	English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring"	(The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including . The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo.
Template:IPAblink	English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog"	(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including . Found in the name of the Xhosa.
Template:IPAblink	Zulu iqaqa "polecat"	(The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including .
Template:IPAblink	ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two"	Like a kissing sound.
Template:IPAblink	Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂàʔám̀ᵑǃã̀] "to put in the mouth"	Like an imitation of a chewing sound.

Marks added to letters

Several marks can be added above, below, before or after letters. These are here shown on a carrier letter such as the vowel a. A more complete list is given at Template:Section link.

Symbol	Example	Description
Signs above a letter
	French vin blanc "white wine"	A nasal vowel, as with a Texas twang
	Portuguese vá "go"	A central vowel pronounced with the tongue position in the middle of the mouth; neither forward nor back
	English police	An extra-short speech sound (usually a vowel)
Signs below a letter
	English cow , koi	This vowel does not form a syllable of its own, but runs into the vowel next to it. (In English, the diacritic is generally left off: .)
	English boy [b̥ɔɪ̯], doe [d̥oʊ̯] (see also)	Sounds like a loud whisper; is like a whispered breath through the nose. is found in Tibetan Lhasa.
	English button	A consonant without a vowel (English is often transcribed .)
	Spanish dos, French deux	The tongue touches the teeth more than it does in English.
Signs next to a letter
	English come	Aspirated consonant, pronounced with a puff of air. Similarly .
	Zulu ukuza "come"	Ejective. Like a popped , pushed from the throat. Similarly .
	English shh!	Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs: Mayo for , etc.
	RP caught	Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer than cot .)
	pronunciation	Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
		Weaker stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.
	English courtship	Syllable break (this is often redundant and therefore left off)

Brackets

Two types of brackets are commonly used to enclose transcriptions in the IPA:

• /Slashes/ indicate sounds that are distinguished as the basic units of words in a language by native speakers; these are called phonemes. Changing the symbols between these slashes would either change the identity of the word or produce nonsense. For example, since there is no meaningful difference to a native speaker between the two sounds written with the letter L in the word lulls, they are considered the same phoneme, and so, using slashes, they are given the same symbol in IPA: . Similarly, Spanish la bamba is transcribed phonemically with two instances of the same b sound, , despite the fact that they sound different to a speaker of English. Thus a reader who is not familiar with the language in question might not know how to interpret these transcriptions more narrowly.
• [Square brackets] indicate the narrower or more detailed phonetic qualities of a pronunciation, not taking into account the norms of the language to which it belongs; therefore, such transcriptions do not regard whether subtly different sounds in the pronunciation are actually noticeable or distinguishable to a native speaker of the language. Within square brackets is what a foreigner who does not know the structure of a language might hear as discrete units of sound. For instance, the English word lulls may be pronounced in a particular dialect more specifically as , with different L sounds at the beginning and end. This may be obvious to speakers of languages that differentiate between the sounds and . Likewise, Spanish la bamba (pronounced without a pause) has two different B sounds to the ears of foreigners or linguists——though a native Spanish speaker might not be able to hear it. Omitting or adding such detail does not make a difference to the identity of the word, but helps to give a more precise pronunciation.
• Template:// indicate diaphonemes. For example, some speakers pronounce dune as with a distinct , others as if spelled doon, and even others like June. This is predictable where the historical pronunciation is preceded by —the second group of speakers invariably drop the , and the third group invariably turn it into —and it can be cumbersome to write down all three possibilities every time such a sequence is found. So the diaphonemic notation Template:IPA // serves as a shorthand for " for traditional speakers, for those who drop between historical and , and for those who turn it into in such a context".

A fourth kind of bracket is occasionally seen:

• |Vertical bars| (or occasionally other conventions) show that the enclosed sounds are theoretical constructs that are not actually heard. (This is part of morphophonology.) For instance, most phonologists argue that the -s at the ends of verbs, which surfaces as either in talks or as in lulls , has a single underlying form. If they decide this form is an s, they would write it to claim that phonemic and are essentially and underneath. If they were to decide it was essentially the latter, , they would transcribe these words and .

Lastly,

• Template:Angbr are used to set off orthography, as well as transliteration from non-Latin scripts. Thus Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr, the letter Template:Angbr. Angle brackets are not supported by all fonts, so a template Template:Tl (shortcut Template:Tl) is used to ensure maximal compatibility. (Comment there if you are having problems.)

Rendering issues

IPA typeface support is increasing, and is now included in several typefaces such as the Times New Roman versions that come with various recent computer operating systems. Diacritics are not always properly rendered, however. IPA typefaces that are freely available online include Gentium, several from the SIL (such as Charis SIL, and Doulos SIL), Dehuti, DejaVu Sans, and TITUS Cyberbit, which are all freely available; as well as commercial typefaces such as Brill, available from Brill Publishers, and Lucida Sans Unicode and Arial Unicode MS, shipping with various Microsoft products. These all include several ranges of characters in addition to the IPA. Modern Web browsers generally do not need any configuration to display these symbols, provided that a typeface capable of doing so is available to the operating system.

Particularly, the following symbols may be shown improperly depending on your font:

Symbol	IPA/Unicode values	Correct	Incorrect	Affected fonts	Test	Notes
	[[Template:IPA symbol|Sj-sound]] Template:Unichar	File:Sj sound (vector).svg	File:Latin small letter h with hook and tail.svg	Helvetica on Apple devices	Test Arial: ɧ Calibri: ɧ Cambria: ɧ Charis SIL: ɧ Courier New: ɧ DejaVu Sans: ɧ Doulos SIL: ɧ Futura: ɧ Garamond: ɧ Gentium: ɧ Georgia: ɧ Gill Sans: ɧ Helvetica: ɧ Lato: ɧ Liberation Sans: ɧ Linux Libertine: ɧ Lucida Grande: ɧ Lucida Sans Unicode: ɧ Noto Sans: ɧ Open Sans: ɧ Palatino: ɧ Roboto: ɧ Segoe UI: ɧ Tahoma: ɧ Times New Roman: ɧ Trebuchet MS: ɧ Verdana: ɧ (System): ɧ
	[[Template:IPA symbol]] Template:Unichar	File:Highway gothic font letter small capital i.png	File:Highway gothic font dotless i letter.png	Some sans-serif fonts	Test Arial: ɪ Calibri: ɪ Cambria: ɪ Charis SIL: ɪ Courier New: ɪ DejaVu Sans: ɪ Doulos SIL: ɪ Futura: ɪ Garamond: ɪ Gentium: ɪ Georgia: ɪ Gill Sans: ɪ Helvetica: ɪ Lato: ɪ Liberation Sans: ɪ Linux Libertine: ɪ Lucida Grande: ɪ Lucida Sans Unicode: ɪ Noto Sans: ɪ Open Sans: ɪ Palatino: ɪ Roboto: ɪ Segoe UI: ɪ Tahoma: ɪ Times New Roman: ɪ Trebuchet MS: ɪ Verdana: ɪ (System): ɪ	Largely fixed since explicitly proscribed in Unicode 10.0 (2017).
	[[Template:IPA symbol]] Template:Unichar	File:Open front rounded vowel (vector).svg	œ	Helvetica on Apple devices	Test Arial: ɶ Calibri: ɶ Cambria: ɶ Charis SIL: ɶ Courier New: ɶ DejaVu Sans: ɶ Doulos SIL: ɶ Futura: ɶ Garamond: ɶ Gentium: ɶ Georgia: ɶ Gill Sans: ɶ Helvetica: ɶ Lato: ɶ Liberation Sans: ɶ Linux Libertine: ɶ Lucida Grande: ɶ Lucida Sans Unicode: ɶ Noto Sans: ɶ Open Sans: ɶ Palatino: ɶ Roboto: ɶ Segoe UI: ɶ Tahoma: ɶ Times New Roman: ɶ Trebuchet MS: ɶ Verdana: ɶ (System): ɶ	[1]
	[[Template:IPA symbol]] Template:Unichar	File:IPA Unicode 0x0281.svg	ᴚ	San Francisco	Test Arial: ʁ Calibri: ʁ Cambria: ʁ Charis SIL: ʁ Courier New: ʁ DejaVu Sans: ʁ Doulos SIL: ʁ Futura: ʁ Garamond: ʁ Gentium: ʁ Georgia: ʁ Gill Sans: ʁ Helvetica: ʁ Lato: ʁ Liberation Sans: ʁ Linux Libertine: ʁ Lucida Grande: ʁ Lucida Sans Unicode: ʁ Noto Sans: ʁ Open Sans: ʁ Palatino: ʁ Roboto: ʁ Segoe UI: ʁ Tahoma: ʁ Times New Roman: ʁ Trebuchet MS: ʁ Verdana: ʁ (System): ʁ
	[[Template:IPA symbol]] Template:Unichar	File:Greek lc chi icon.svg	x	Roboto	Test Arial: χ Calibri: χ Cambria: χ Charis SIL: χ Courier New: χ DejaVu Sans: χ Doulos SIL: χ Futura: χ Garamond: χ Gentium: χ Georgia: χ Gill Sans: χ Helvetica: χ Lato: χ Liberation Sans: χ Linux Libertine: χ Lucida Grande: χ Lucida Sans Unicode: χ Noto Sans: χ Open Sans: χ Palatino: χ Roboto: χ Segoe UI: χ Tahoma: χ Times New Roman: χ Trebuchet MS: χ Verdana: χ (System): χ	Fixed in 2017.
				Trebuchet MS
	Primary stress Template:Unichar	ˈ◌	◌̍	Tahoma	Test Arial: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Calibri: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Cambria: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Charis SIL: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Courier New: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ DejaVu Sans: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Doulos SIL: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Futura: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Garamond: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Gentium: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Georgia: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Gill Sans: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Helvetica: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Lato: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Liberation Sans: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Linux Libertine: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Lucida Grande: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Lucida Sans Unicode: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Noto Sans: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Open Sans: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Palatino: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Roboto: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Segoe UI: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Tahoma: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Times New Roman: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Trebuchet MS: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ Verdana: ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌ (System): ˈ◌ ˌ◌ ː◌ ˑ◌	The length marks denote elongation of the previous segment. The placeholder here just stands for any following character.
	Secondary stress Template:Unichar	ˌ◌	◌̩
	Long Template:Unichar	ː◌	ː overlaid◌
	Half-long Template:Unichar	ˑ◌	ˑ overlaid◌
	Having characteristics of a velarized alveolar lateral approximant Template:Unichar	File:IPA Unicode 0xAB5E.svg	ꬸ	Microsoft fonts	Test Arial: ꭞ Calibri: ꭞ Cambria: ꭞ Charis SIL: ꭞ Courier New: ꭞ DejaVu Sans: ꭞ Doulos SIL: ꭞ Futura: ꭞ Garamond: ꭞ Gentium: ꭞ Georgia: ꭞ Gill Sans: ꭞ Helvetica: ꭞ Lato: ꭞ Liberation Sans: ꭞ Linux Libertine: ꭞ Lucida Grande: ꭞ Lucida Sans Unicode: ꭞ Noto Sans: ꭞ Open Sans: ꭞ Palatino: ꭞ Roboto: ꭞ Segoe UI: ꭞ Tahoma: ꭞ Times New Roman: ꭞ Trebuchet MS: ꭞ Verdana: ꭞ (System): ꭞ

Registered users can specify their own font for IPA text by editing their user stylesheet. They can also edit their global stylesheet, which works across all Wikimedia projects. For instance, the following code would cause IPA to be displayed in the font Charis SIL:

.IPA {
	font-family: "Charis SIL";
}

Computer input using on-screen keyboard

Online IPA keyboard utilities are available and they cover a range of IPA symbols and diacritics:

• IPA i-charts (2018)
• IPA character picker
• TypeIt.org
• IPA Chart Keyboard

For iOS there are free IPA keyboard layouts, e.g. IPA Phonetic Keyboard.

See also

• Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
• IPA charts for diphthongs in various languages
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation)#Entering IPA characters

External links

• Official interactive IPA chart with letter descriptions, audio, and input assist Template:Spoken
• IPA pronunciation chart with audio Template:Spoken
• MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts Template:Spoken
• Ultrasound and MRI videos of production of the sounds of the IPA charts Template:Spoken
• Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols – for help on getting the screen reader JAWS to read IPA symbols
• IPA Reader – web-based IPA synthesizer using Amazon Polly
  • User:IagoQnsi/ipareader – user script using IPA Reader
• Wikipedia IPA Speaker – Chrome extension