Khalkhal, Iran
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Khalkhal (Template:Langx)Template:Efn is a city in the Central District of Khalkhal County, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[1]
Demographics
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 38,521 in 9,619 households.[2] The following census in 2011 counted 41,165 people in 11,213 households.[3] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 39,304 people in 11,501 households.[4]
Etymology and history
According to Vladimir Minorsky, the name Khalkhāl may indicate a connection with the ancient Kharkhar kingdom, which existed somewhere in the eastern Zagros Mountains in Neo-Assyrian times.[5]Template:Rp
The 14th-century author Hamdallah Mustawfi listed Khalkhal in his Nuzhat al-Qulub as forming part of the tuman of Ardabil.[6] He described it as "formerly a fair-sized town" that had declined to a mere village by his time.[6] He wrote that Khalkhal had succeeded the earlier city of Firuzabad as the capital of its province after Firuzabad itself had declined.[6] Mustawfi wrote that the Khalkhal province comprised about 100 villages and had four districts: Khāmidah-Bīl, Sajasrūd, Anjīlābād, and Mīsjīn.[6] It was assessed for a tax value of 30,000 dinars.[6] Water from a spring on a nearby mountain powered two watermills, which provided enough irrigation for the surrounding fields.[6] Mustawfi said its pastures were "excellent" and hunting grounds were "numerous and well-stocked with game" and wrote that the district was known for producing yogurt (māst) that was "so thick it has to be cut with a knife, as though it were cheese".[6]
See also
Notes
References
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