Hrafnsmál

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File:Valkyrie and Raven.png
A valkyrie speaks with a raven in a wood-engraving by Joseph Swain after Frederick Sandys, 1862

Script error: No such module "Italic title". Hrafnsmál (Old Norse: Script error: No such module "IPA".; "raven song") is a fragmentary skaldic poem generally accepted as being written by the 9th-century Norwegian skald Þorbjörn Hornklofi. Hrafnsmál largely consists of a conversation between an unnamed valkyrie and a raven; the two discuss the life and martial deeds of Harald Fairhair. Due to this, the poem is sometimes referred to as Haraldskvæði[1] Script error: No such module "IPA".. The meter of the poem is dominantly Málaháttr, while smaller portions are in Ljóðaháttr and Fornyrðislag.[2] Through dating of the parts as well as the meter is consistent, they may be separate compositions but scholarly consensus is indecisive. The poem is usually described as a praise poem, but bears more resemblance in style to the Eddic poems.[3] In style, it so much resembles Atlakviða (one of the oldest Eddic poems) that it has been suggested they were both composed by Hornklofi.[4][5][6] Stanzas from the poem were reworked into a song by Einar Selvik for the game Assassin's Creed Valhalla.

Editions and translations

See also

  • Huginn and Muninn, the ravens of the god Odin
  • Valravn, a supernatural "raven of the slain" appearing in 19th century Danish folk songs

Notes

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  1. Orchard (1997:89).
  2. Hollander (1980:54).
  3. R. D. Fulk 2012, ‘(Introduction to) Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál)’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 91.
  4. Fidjestøl, Bjarne. 1976c. ‘Kongsskalden frå Kvinesdal og diktninga hans’. In Try 1976, 7-31.
  5. Reichardt, Konstantin. 1926. ‘Der Dichter der Atlakviða’. ANF 42, 323-6.
  6. Genzmer, Felix. 1926. ‘Der Dichter der Atlakviða’. ANF 42, 97-134.

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References

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  • Hollander, Lee Milton (1980). Old Norse Poems: The Most Important Nonskaldic Verse Not Included in the Poetic Edda. Forgotten Books. Template:ISBN
  • Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. Template:ISBN

External links