Haplogroup V (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated over 14,000 years ago in Southwestern Europe.[1][2]

Origin

Haplogroup V derives from the HV0a subclade of haplogroup HV. In 1998 it was argued that V spread over Europe from an Ice Age refuge in Iberia.[1] However more recent estimates of the date of V would place it in the Neolithic.[3]

Distribution

Haplogroup V is a relatively rare mtDNA haplogroup, occurring in around 4% of native Europeans.[4] Its highest concentration is among the Saami people of northern Fennoscandia (~59%). It has been found at a frequency of approximately 10% among the Maris of the Volga-Ural region, leading to the suggestion that this region might be the source of the V among the Saami.[5][6] Haplogroup V has been observed at higher than average levels among Cantabrian people (15%) of northern Iberia,[7] and among the adjacent Basque (10.4%).[8]

Haplogroup V is also found in parts of Northwest Africa. It is mainly concentrated among the Tuareg inhabiting the Gorom-Gorom area in Burkina Faso (21%),[9] Sahrawi in the Western Sahara (17.9%),[10] and Berbers of Matmata, Tunisia (16.3%).[11] The rare V7a subclade occurs among Algerians in Oran (1.08%) and Reguibate Sahrawi (1.85%).[12]

Ancient DNA

MtDNA haplogroup V has been reported in Neolithic remains of the Linear Pottery culture at Halberstadt, Germany c. 5000 BC[13] and Derenburg Meerenstieg, Germany c. 4910 BC.[14] Haplogroup V7 was found in representative Maykop culture samples in the excavations conducted by Alexei Rezepkin.[15] Haplogroup V has been detected in representatives Trypil'ska and Unetice culture.[16][17]

Haplogroup V has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens dating from the Epipaleolithic at the Taforalt prehistoric site 14,000 years BP.[18]

Haplogroup V has also been found among Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture specimens dating from the Bronze Age from Western Hungary https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478968v1.full.pdf

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup V subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[19] and subsequent published research.

  • V
    • V1
      • V1a found mostly from central to northeast Europe
        • V1a1 found in Scandinavia (including Lapland), Finland and Baltic countries
          • V1a1a
            • V1a1a1
          • V1a1b
        • V1a2 found in Bronze Age Poland
      • V1b found in Germany, Poland
    • V2 found in the British Isles
      • V2a found in Ireland
        • V2a1
          • V2a1a found in Finns[20]
      • V2b found in England, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Spain
        • V2b1
        • V2b2
      • V2c found in Norway,[21] Denmark, England, Ireland, Switzerland
    • V3 found in northwest Europe / found in Late Neolithic Hungary (Bell Beaker)
      • V3a
        • V3a1
      • V3b
      • V3c found in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe
    • V4 found in France
    • V5 found in Lapland
    • V6 found in northwest Europe
    • V7
      • V7a found mostly in Slavic countries, but also in Scandinavia, Germany and France[22]
        • V7a1
      • V7b found in eastern Europe and France[23]
    • V8 found in North Europe
    • V9
      • V9a found in the British Isles
        • V9a1
        • V9a2 found in Ireland, England, Scotland (Shetland), Denmark
    • V10 found in the British Isles, northwest France and Sweden / found in Bell Beaker Scotland
      • V10a found in Sweden,[24] Ireland,[25] Spain[26]
      • V10b found in EBA England
        • V10b1
        • V10b2
    • V11 found in Italy (Calabria)[27]
    • V12 found in Germany
    • V13 found in Poland and Russia
    • V14 found in Poland and Iberia
    • V15 found in England, Norway and Armenia
    • V16 found in Britain, Germany and Denmark
    • V17 found in England / found in Late Neolithic France
    • V18 found in the Netherlands, Germany and Italy
      • V18a found in Slavic countries, Sweden, Denmark, Spain, and the Netherlands[29]
    • V-C150T
      • V19 found in the United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), Ireland
      • V22 found in Spain (including Basques) and France (Basques)
    • V-C16298T!
      • V20 found in Norway
    • V-C72T!
      • V21
    • V23
    • V24
    • V25 found in South Europe, Berbers of Algeria and Morocco[30]
    • V26 found in Denmark and Germany
    • V27 found in Denmark
    • V28 found in Denmark
    • V29[31]
    • V30[32]
    • V31[33]
    • V32[34]
    • V33[35]
    • V34
    • V35
    • V36
    • V37
    • V38
    • V39
    • V40
    • V41
    • V42
    • V43
    • V44
    • V45
    • V46
    • V47
    • V48
    • V49
    • V50
    • V51
    • V52
    • V53
    • V54
    • V55
    • V56
    • V57
    • V58
    • V59
    • V60
    • V61
    • V62
    • V63
    • V64
    • V65
    • V66
    • V67
    • V68
    • V69
    • V70
    • V71
    • V72
    • V73
    • V74
    • V75
    • V76
    • V77
    • V78

Popular culture

See also

Template:Sister project

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

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  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".; S5 Table
  13. ↑ W. Haak et al., Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites, Science, vol. 310, no. 5750 (2005), pp. 1016-1018.
  14. ↑ W. Haak, et al., Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities, PLOS Biology, vol. 8, no.11 (November 2010), e1000536.
  15. ↑ A. V. Nedoluzhko, E. S. Boulygina, A. S. Sokolov, S. V. Tsygankova, N. M. Gruzdeva, A. D. Rezepkin, E. B. Prokhortchouk. Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genome of a Novosvobodnaya Culture Representative using Next-Generation Sequencing and Its Relation to the Funnel Beaker Culture
  16. ↑ A. G. Nikitin et al. (2010) Comprehensive site chronology and ancient Mitochondrial DNA analysis from Verteba cave – a trypillian culture site of eneolithic Ukraine
  17. ↑ Unetice Culture (c. 2300-1600 BCE)
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  20. ↑ Template:GenBank
  21. ↑ Template:GenBank
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Template:GenBank
  25. ↑ Template:GenBank
  26. ↑ Template:GenBank
  27. ↑ Template:GenBank
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Template:GenBank
  31. ↑ http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/v29-v33_genbank_sequences.htm
  32. ↑ http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/v29-v33_genbank_sequences.htm
  33. ↑ http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/v29-v33_genbank_sequences.htm
  34. ↑ http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/v29-v33_genbank_sequences.htm
  35. ↑ http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/v29-v33_genbank_sequences.htm
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

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