Hancock County, Georgia

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File:Thomas Cheely House, County Road S-1098, Shoals vicinity (Hancock County, Georgia).jpg
Thomas Cheely House, ca. 1825

Hancock County is a county located in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,735.[1] The county seat is Sparta.[2] The county was created on December 17, 1793, and named for John Hancock, a Founding Father of the American Revolution.[3][4]

History

Before the Civil War, Hancock County was developed for cotton plantations, as international demand was high for the commodity. The land was developed and the cotton cultivated and processed by thousands of enslaved African Americans. This area is classified as part of the Black Belt of the United States, primarily due to its fertile soil. It was later also associated with the slave society. Enslaved persons made up 61% of the total county population in the 1850 Census.[5] Unusually for such a plantation-dominated society, the county's representatives at the Georgia Secession Convention, who were overwhelmingly white and Democratic, voted against secession in 1861.[6]

But the secession conventions were dominated by men who voted for separation, and Georgia soon seceded and entered the war.

After the war, the freed black population predominated by number in the county for decades. After emancipation and granting of citizenship and the franchise, most freedmen joined the Republican Party, which they credited with gaining their freedom. Conservative white Democrats resisted political domination by blacks, although they were outnumbered. In the later years of Reconstruction, whites used violence, intimidation and fraud to suppress black voting. In 1908 the white-dominated legislature passed an amendment that effectively disenfranchised most black voters and many poor whites ones.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (1.4%) is water.[7]

The western portion of Hancock County, which is defined by a line running southeast from White Plains to the intersection of State Route 22 and Springfield Road, then running southwest along State Route 22, is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. The southern portion of the county, defined by a triangle made of State Route 22 and State Route 15, with Sparta at its apex, is located in the Lower Oconee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin. The northeastern portion of Hancock County is located in the Upper Ogeechee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin.[8]

Major highways

No Interstate Highway

Adjacent counties

Communities

City

Unincorporated communities

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
180014,456—
181013,330Script error: No such module "String".%
182012,734Script error: No such module "String".%
183011,820Script error: No such module "String".%
18409,659Script error: No such module "String".%
185011,578Script error: No such module "String".%
186012,044Script error: No such module "String".%
187011,317Script error: No such module "String".%
188016,989Script error: No such module "String".%
189017,149Script error: No such module "String".%
190018,277Script error: No such module "String".%
191019,189Script error: No such module "String".%
192018,357Script error: No such module "String".%
193013,070Script error: No such module "String".%
194012,764Script error: No such module "String".%
195011,052Script error: No such module "String".%
19609,979Script error: No such module "String".%
19709,019Script error: No such module "String".%
19809,466Script error: No such module "String".%
19908,908Script error: No such module "String".%
200010,076Script error: No such module "String".%
20109,429Script error: No such module "String".%
20208,735Script error: No such module "String".%
2025 (est.)8,682[9] DecreaseScript error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790-1880[11] 1890-1910[12]
1920-1930[13] 1930-1940[14]
1940-1950[15] 1960-1980[16]
1980-2000[17] 2010[18] 2020[19]

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Racial and ethnic composition

Hancock County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[20] Pop 1990[21] Pop 2000[22] Pop 2010[18] Pop 2020[19] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 2,052 1,789 2,141 2,212 2,413 21.68% 20.08% 21.25% 23.46% 27.62%
Black or African American alone (NH) 7,238 7,038 7,820 6,959 6,025 76.46% 79.01% 77.61% 73.80% 68.98%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 0 6 16 21 23 0.00% 0.07% 0.16% 0.22% 0.26%
Asian alone (NH) 4 0 9 47 37 0.04% 0.00% 0.09% 0.50% 0.42%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [23] x [24] 0 1 1 x x 0.00% 0.01% 0.01%
Other race alone (NH) 2 12 2 0 10 0.02% 0.13% 0.02% 0.00% 0.11%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [25] x [26] 34 50 163 x x 0.34% 0.53% 1.87%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 170 63 54 139 63 1.80% 0.71% 0.54% 1.47% 0.72%
Total 9,466 8,908 10,076 9,429 8,735 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 8,735, 3,298 households, and 1,755 families. The median age was 48.0 years. 14.3% of residents were under the age of 18 and 23.6% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 121.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 125.7 males age 18 and over. 0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.[27][28][29]

The racial makeup of the county was 27.7% White, 69.0% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.3% from some other race, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 0.7% of the population.[29]

Of those households, 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 35.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[28]

There were 4,896 housing units, of which 32.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 75.4% were owner-occupied and 24.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.6%.[28]

Politics

Hancock County has been one of the most consistently Democratic counties in the entire nation since the Civil War. But the composition of the party voters and policies they support have undergone major changes since the late twentieth century, switching from whites to African Americans.

The majority of county voters have voted for the Democratic presidential nominee in every election since 1852 except that of 1972, when George McGovern lost every county in Georgia. McGovern did perform better here than elsewhere in the state, losing by only 93 votes. Apart from Richard Nixon in that election, Barry Goldwater in 1964 was one of only two Republicans since at least 1912 to gain 30 percent of the county's vote.[30] That year, most of the county's African-American majority was still largely disenfranchised and could not vote at all. The conservative white minority favored Goldwater because its traditional Democratic loyalties had frayed. In 2024, Donald Trump also managed to break 30% of the vote, the strongest showing for a Republican since 1972.

In 1980 Hancock County gave "favorite son" candidate Jimmy Carter his second highest vote share in the nation.[31] In 1984 it supported Walter Mondale, who won more than 76.6 percent of Hancock County ballots, making it his fourth-best county outside the District of Columbia. He was otherwise within 3,819 votes of losing all fifty states.[32]

For elections to the United States House of Representatives, Hancock County is part of Georgia's 10th congressional district, currently represented by Mike Collins. For elections to the Georgia State Senate, Hancock County is part of District 26.[33] For elections to the Georgia House of Representatives, Hancock County is part of District 128.[34]

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Education

Public education is offered by the Hancock County School District.

Notable people

See also

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References

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  23. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  24. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  25. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  26. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Scammon, Richard M. (compiler); America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election statistics 1920-1964, pp. 97, 100, 103, 106, 109 Template:ISBN
  31. ↑ Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; 1980 Presidential Election Statistics
  32. ↑ Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; 1984 Presidential Election Statistics
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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