Halmidi inscription

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Halmidi script)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use Indian English Template:Infobox inscription The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada-language inscription in the Kadamba script. While estimates vary slightly, the inscription is often dated to between 450 CE - 500 CE. The inscription was discovered in 1936 by Dr. M. H. Krishna, the Director of Archaeology of the (princely) State of Mysore (present-day Karnataka region of India), in Halmidi, a village in the Hassan district.

The original inscription is kept in the Office of the Director of Archaeology and Museums, Govt. of Karnataka, Mysore,[1] and a fibreglass replica has been installed in Halmidi.

Discovery and dating

In a report published in a Mysore Archaeological Department Report (MAR) in 1936, Krishna dated the inscription to 450 AD, on paleographical grounds.[1][2] Later scholars have variously dated the inscription to 450 AD,[3] 470 AD,[4] 500 AD,[5] "about 500",[6] and "end of the fifth century A. D. or the beginning of the 6th century A.D."[7] Epigraphist, D. C. Sircar has dated the inscription to "about the end of the 6th century."[8]

Epigraphist, K. V. Ramesh has written about the differing estimates: Template:Quotation He also hypothesized that, compared to possibly contemporaneous Sanskrit inscriptions, "Halmidi inscription has letters which are unsettled and uncultivated, no doubt giving an impression, or rather an illusion, even to the trained eye, that it is, in date, later than the period to which it really belongs, namely the fifth century A.D."[9]

Epigraphist G. S. Gai however disagrees with the view that Halmidi is a record of the Kadamba dynasty identified with King Kadamba Kakusthavarman. According to Script error: No such module "Footnotes"., the inscription, which is dedicated to "Kadambapan Kakustha-Bhaṭṭōran," refers to another ruler, Kakustha of the Bhaṭāri family, who is explicitly identified in line 13, "Script error: No such module "Lang".;" in addition, the inscription does not "include any of the epithets like Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., and most important Script error: No such module "Lang"."[10] that are a part of all Kadamba inscriptions.

Text

File:Halmidi inscription4.png
Digital image of the Halmidi inscription.

The inscription is in pre-old Kannada (puruvada-hala Kannada, the ancestor of modern Kannada) verse.[11][12]

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

Victorious is Achyuta who is embraced by Shri but has the bow Sharnga bent (ready for use) and who is a fire occurring at the end of the Yugas (cycles of time) to the eyes of the Danavas (demons) but looks pleasing (is a defensive discus) to good people.

Salutation!- During the reign of king Kakustha, the ruler of the Kadambas, who is devoted to the bestowing of gifts and is the enemy of the Kalabhora. the governors(?) in the Naridavile province were Mrigesa and Naga, who were terrible as the lord of beasts (the lion or Shiva) and the lord of elephants (or serpents-Airavata or Ananta).

These two, made a grant for military service of Palmadi and Mulivalli to the beloved son of Ella Bhatari, Vija-Arasa, who in the presence of the heroic men of the two countries, Sendraka and Bana, fought the Kekayas and Pallavas, pierced them and attained victory at the word of the moon to the spotless firinament called Bhatarikula, named the great Pashupati who is a Pasupati (or Siva) to the Ganas who are the Alapas and who is full of heroism and action in giving away (slaying) cows (sacrificial beasts) in many hundreds of sacrifices which are battles in the great Dakshinapatha (Southern India) and is praised as the Pasupati (or Siva) in bestowing gifts.

Alu Kadamba of the Bhatarikula. He who takes away this grant is guilty of the great sins.

The two and Vija Arasa of Salbanga granted Kurumbidi to Palmadi. The destroyer of this grant will incur great sin.

In the gross produce of this rice land a revenue of one tenth is granted to the learned Brahmins free of taxes.

— Template:Comma separated entries

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

See also

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  12. ↑ M. Chidananda Murthy, Inscriptions (Kannada) in Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Side box".

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Halmidi_inscription&oldid=2427395"