Hackney (UK Parliament constituency)

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox UK constituency

Hackney was a two-seat constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament created under the Representation of the People Act 1867 (often termed Second Reform Act) from the former northern parishes of the Tower Hamlets constituency and abolished under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (often termed a twin Third Reform Act, with its enabling Reform Act 1884).

The constituency existed in its two-seat form for three general elections and returned two Liberal Party Members at each election until its abolition. At abolition it was noted intense house- and apartment (tenement block-) building had occurred within its boundaries and it was divided into seven single seats.

Boundaries

File:Hackney1868.png

Hackney in the Metropolitan area from 1868 to 1885.

The vestry of the civil parish of Hackney became a local government authority in 1855.

The parliamentary borough of Hackney was established in 1868 and its area formed part of the east of the historic county of Middlesex. It comprised:

Parishes included	Population in 1871	Population in 1881	Total electorate 7 Dec 1868	Total electorate of 20 Nov 1884
The Parish of St Leonard, Shoreditch^[1]	not known	not known	40,613^[2]	48,076^[2]
The Parish of St Matthew, Bethnal Green^[1]	non known	not known
The Parish of St John, Hackney^[1]	115,110^[3]	163,681^[3]

The area thus formed the northern rump of Shoreditch and rest of the north of the former parliamentary borough of Tower Hamlets (Hackney accounted for the northernmost of the Hamlets in the nineteenth century, see Tower Division). The area was to the east of Islington and Hornsey, south of Tottenham in its county and west of Walthamstow in Essex.

In 1885 the two-member constituency was abolished. In 1889 the former area, for administrative purposes, became part of the London County Council local authority. In 1900 the main civil vestry was dissolved and the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney was created (with the same boundaries as the Parliamentary Borough). Since 1965 it has been part of Greater London.

Members of Parliament

File:CharlesReed.jpg

Sir Charles Reed MP

File:Henry Fawcett; Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett (née Garrett) by Ford Madox Brown.jpg

Henry Fawcett and Millicent Garrett Fawcett by Ford Madox Brown, 1872, National Portrait Gallery, London

File:John Holms Vanity Fair 18 February 1882.jpg

"Military changes"
Holms as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, February 1882

File:James Stuart Vanity Fair 1899-10-05.jpeg

"Hoxton Division"
Stuart as caricatured by "Stuff" in Vanity Fair, October 1899

Election			First member ^[4]	First party	Second member ^[4]	Second party
style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Party color" \|	style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Party color" rowspan="3"\|	1868	Sir Charles Reed	Liberal	John Holms	Liberal
style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Party color" \|	1874 by-election	Henry Fawcett	Liberal
style="color:inherit;background-color: Template:Party color" \|	1884 by-election	James Stuart	Liberal
		1885	Constituency abolished. See Hackney North, Hackney Central and Hackney South

Elections

Turnout, in multi-member elections, is estimated by dividing the number of votes by two. To the extent that electors did not use both their votes, the figure given will be an underestimate.

Change is calculated for individual candidates, when a party had more than one candidate in an election or the previous one. When a party had only one candidate in an election and the previous one change is calculated for the party vote.