HMS Ajax (1880)

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File:AjaxBrasseysDrawing.jpg
Right elevation and plan from Brassey's Naval Annual, 1886

HMS Ajax was the name ship of her class of ironclad battleships built for the Royal Navy during the 1870s. Completed in 1883, she was immediately placed in reserve until 1885 when the ship was commissioned for the first time. Later that year, Ajax was assigned as a coast guard ship in Scotland and remained there for the next six years. She was reduced to reserve again in 1891 and was taken out of service a decade later. The ship was sold for scrap in 1904 and subsequently broken up.

Design and description

The Ajax class was designed as a shallow-draught version of the preceding Template:HMS that was also smaller and cheaper; unfortunately the need, imposed by budgetary constraints, to produce a smaller ship produced a vessel with all of the shortcomings of Inflexible but with none of her virtues.[1] The ships had a length between perpendiculars of Template:Convert and were Template:Convert long overall, some Template:Convert shorter than Inflexible. They had a beam of Template:Convert, and a draught of Template:Convert and displaced Template:Convert. Their crew consisted of 345 officers and ratings, over Template:Convert less than Inflexible. The Ajax-class ships were bad seaboats and steered very erratically, especially at high speed. More deadwood was added to their sterns in 1886 in a partially successful attempt to rectify the problem.[2]

The Ajax class was powered by a pair of inverted, vertical, compound-expansion steam engines. These were built by John Penn and Sons and each drove a single propeller using steam provided by 10 cylindrical boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of Template:Convert for a speed of Template:Convert. The ships carried a maximum of Template:Convert of coal, enough to steam Template:Convert at Template:Convert.[3]

They copied the main armament layout of Inflexible with their turrets arranged en echelon so that both turrets could fire directly ahead and to each side, although this was more theoretical than practical due to damage from muzzle blast. Each turret mounted a pair of rifled muzzle-loading [[RML 12.5 inch 38 ton gun|RML Template:Convert guns]].[4] Their shells weighed Template:Convert while the gun itself weighed Template:Convert. The guns had a muzzle velocity of Template:Convert and were credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal Template:Convert of wrought iron armour at the muzzle.[5] To attack the unarmoured portion of their opponents, the Ajax class was fitted with a pair of rifled breech-loading [[BL 6 inch 80 pounder gun|BL Template:Convert, 80-pounder guns]].[6] For defence against torpedo boats, they carried six quick-firing [[QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt|QF 6-pdr Template:Convert Nordenfelt gun]]s. The ships also mounted a pair of above-water Template:Convert torpedo launchers[3] and could carry a Template:Convert torpedo boat.[7]

The Ajax class copied InflexibleTemplate:'s armour scheme of a heavily armoured citadel with unamoured ends and sides, but unlike their predecessor, they lacked enough buoyancy to remain afloat if their ends were flooded. The citadel was Template:Convert long and the armour was composed of wrought iron plates Template:Convert thick, separated and backed by 10 inches of teak at the waterline, reducing above and below the waterline to an armoured thickness of Template:Convert in a similar sandwich. The citadel was closed off by fore and aft transverse bulkheads that were Template:Convert thick above water and Template:Convert below. The armoured deck was Template:Convert thick from bow to stern. The turrets were protected by compound armour plates Template:Convert thick and Template:Convert plates defended the conning tower.[8]

Construction and career

Ajax, the fourth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy,[9] was named for the mythological hero.[10] The ship was laid down on 21 March 1876 in No. 4 Slipway, Pembroke Dockyard, Wales, and was launched on 10 March 1880 by Mrs. George Parkin, wife of the dockyard's Captain-Superintendent.[11] She was completed on 30 March 1883 at a cost of £548,393.[1]

Ajax was not commissioned until 30 April 1885 and was assigned to the Particular Service Squadron commanded by Admiral Geoffrey Hornby.[12] That summer, the squadron evaluated the weapons and defences of a fortified harbour, Berehaven (now Castletownbere), Ireland, against torpedo boats and other threats.[13] In August 1885, when tensions with Russia had subsided, she was posted as guard ship at Greenock. Ajax accidentally collided with the turret ship Template:HMS in 1887 off Portland.[14] The latter had one compartment below water holed, but Ajax only received two holes in her bow.[15]

File:The Burst Gun on board HMS 'Ajax' - ILN 1889.jpg
The Burst Gun on board HMS Ajax. Illustrated London News 1889

The ship participated in the annual manoeuvres in August 1889 and a shell exploded in one of her 12.5-inch gun barrels on 2 September, wounding one man.[16] The ship was reduced to reserve at Chatham Dockyard in 1891. Her BL six-inch, 80-pounder guns were replaced by QF six-inch guns in 1897. She was further reduced to Dockyard Reserve in November 1901, and was sold to Castles for scrap in March 1904[14] and subsequently broken up at Charlton.[17]

Notes

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References

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External links

Template:Ajax class battleship

  1. ↑ a b Parkes, p. 262
  2. ↑ Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 26
  3. ↑ a b Burt, p. 25
  4. ↑ Gardiner, pp. 85, 96
  5. ↑ Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 6
  6. ↑ Parkes, p. 265
  7. ↑ Branfill-Cook, p. 86
  8. ↑ Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 26; Parkes, p. 265
  9. ↑ Colledge, p. 7
  10. ↑ Silverstone, p. 209
  11. ↑ Phillips, pp. 217–18
  12. ↑ Parkes, p. 266
  13. ↑ Brown, location 3317
  14. ↑ a b Parkes, pp. 265–66
  15. ↑ Hazard, p. 213
  16. ↑ Brassey, pp. 16, 367
  17. ↑ Winfield & Lyon, p. 257
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