Gwinnett County, Georgia

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Gwinnett County (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia.[1] It forms part of Metro Atlanta, being located about Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Atlanta city limits. In 2020, the population was 957,062, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia (after Fulton County).[2] Its county seat is Lawrenceville.[3] The county is named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.[4]

Gwinnett County is the most ethnically diverse county in Georgia,[5][6][7] with significant populations of Black, Hispanic, and Asian residents. As of the 2020 Census, no ethnicity constitutes more than a third of its population.[8]

History

In 1813, Fort Daniel was created during the War of 1812 in territory that would become Gwinnett County.[9] The county was created in 1818 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly, Gwinnett County was formed from parts of Jackson County (formerly part of Franklin County) and from lands gained through the cession of Creek Indian lands. Named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, the first county election was held at the home of Elisha Winn, and the first Superior Court was held in his barn. The county seat was later placed at Lawrenceville.[10]

In 1831, a group of white men were tried and found guilty in Lawrenceville for violating Georgia law by living in the Cherokee Nation without a valid passport from the Governor. Two of the men appealed to the US Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia, which resulted in a ruling stating that only the federal government had jurisdiction over native lands, a decision which still stands.[11]

In 1861, all three of Gwinnett County's representatives at the Georgia Constitutional Convention (1861) in Milledgeville voted against secession. Towards the end of the war, Union troops foraged in Gwinnett County as part of the Atlanta campaign.[11] The Freedmen's Bureau was active in Gwinnett County during Reconstruction. In 1871, the courthouse in Lawrenceville was burned by the Ku Klux Klan in an attempt to avoid prosecution for their crimes, which included the shooting of a Black election manager in Norcross.[12]

Early in the county's history, gold mining was a minor industry. The Gwinnett Manufacturing Company, a cotton textile factory, operated in Lawrenceville in the 1850s through 1865, when it burned. The Bona Allen Company in Buford, Georgia produced saddles, harnesses and other leather goods from 1873 to 1981.[11]

The northeastern part of Gwinnett County was removed in 1914 to form a part of the new Barrow County.

Geography

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The Elisha Winn House served as Gwinnett County's first courthouse.
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The Gwinnett Historic Courthouse is on National Register of Historic Places and is now used as a museum, for seasonal art exhibits, as an events venue, and for the Gwinnett Historical Society and Gwinnett Veterans Memorial Museum.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (1.5%) is water.[13] The county is located in the upper Piedmont region of the state.

It is located along the Eastern Continental Divide. A portion of the county to the northwest is a part of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area chain.

Allocation of water from the regional reservoir, Lake Lanier, at the extreme north of the county, has been subject to the Tri-state water dispute.

The southern and central portions of Gwinnett County are located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. Most of the county's northern edge, from south of Peachtree Corners to north of Buford, is located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The county's eastern edge, north and south of Dacula, is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin.[14]

Adjacent counties

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Communities

Cities

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Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18204,589—
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185011,257Script error: No such module "String".%
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190025,585Script error: No such module "String".%
191028,824Script error: No such module "String".%
192030,327Script error: No such module "String".%
193027,853Script error: No such module "String".%
194029,087Script error: No such module "String".%
195032,320Script error: No such module "String".%
196043,541Script error: No such module "String".%
197072,349Script error: No such module "String".%
1980166,903Script error: No such module "String".%
1990352,910Script error: No such module "String".%
2000588,448Script error: No such module "String".%
2010805,321Script error: No such module "String".%
2020957,062Script error: No such module "String".%
2025 (est.)1,020,157[15]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]
1790-1880[17] 1890-1910[18]
1920-1930[19] 1930-1940[20]
1940-1950[21] 1960-1980[22]
1980-2000[23] 2010[24] 2020[25]

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Gwinnett County is often cited as one of the counties in the US that has demographically changed the most rapidly. As recently as 1990, over 90% of Gwinnett County's population was white. By 2007, the county was projected to be majority-minority.[26][27]

Gwinnett County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[28] Pop 2010[24] Pop 2020[25] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 394,164 354,316 310,583 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 44.00% Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Black or African American alone (NH) 76,837 184,122 257,124 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 1,057 1,535 1,532 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Asian alone (NH) 42,180 84,763 126,526 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 211 343 387 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other race alone (NH) 1,099 2,489 6,489 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 8,763 15,718 33,961 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 64,137 162,035 220,460 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total 588,448 805,321 957,062 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 957,062 people, 316,708 households, and 230,960 families residing in the county.[29]

The median age was 36.0 years. 25.9% of residents were under the age of 18 and 11.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 94.4 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 91.3 males age 18 and over. 99.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.5% lived in rural areas.[30]

The racial makeup of the county was 35.5% White, 27.4% Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 13.3% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 12.1% from some other race, and 10.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 23.0% of the population.[31]

Of the 316,708 households, 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 26.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[29]

There were 330,569 housing units, of which 4.2% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 65.3% were owner-occupied and 34.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.0%.[29]

2010 census

In 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $63,219 and the median income for a family was $70,767. Males had a median income of $48,671 versus $39,540 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,901. About 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.[32]

Economy

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Government and politics

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File:GwinnettPoliceVehicle2021.jpg
Gwinnett County police car in 2021
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Gwinnett County police car in 2003

Under Georgia's "home rule" provision, county governments have free rein to legislate on all matters within the county, provided that such legislation does not conflict with state or federal law, or state or federal Constitutions.

Gwinnett County, Georgia is governed by a five-member Board of Commissioners, which exercises both legislative and executive authority within the county. The Chair of the Board is elected county-wide and serves full-time. The four other commissioners are elected from single-member districts and serve part-time positions. The board hires a county administrator who oversees daily operations of the county's twelve executive departments. Gwinnett County has a police department that operates under the authority of the Board of Commissioners. Some of the local Gwinnett city budgets have recently come under increasing scrutiny of the General Funds allocated to police services. Cities such as Duluth have allocated as much as forty percent of their city budgets, reaching some of the highest levels in the nation.[43] Solutions to high spending being discussed include additional “investment in mental health, housing, youth development and living wages would stabilize communities and prove more effective than policing.”[44]

In addition to the Board of Commissioners, county residents also elect persons to the following positions: Sheriff, District Attorney, Probate Court Judge, Clerk of State/Superior Court, Tax Commissioner, State Court Solicitor, Chief Magistrate Judge (who appoints other Magistrate Court judges), Chief Superior Court Judge and Superior Court Judges, and Chief State Court Judge and State Court Judges.

Gwinnett County has the largest public school system in the state of Georgia.[45] Members of the Board of Education are elected from special election districts in the county.

For most of the time from 1964 to 2012, the county was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. The only Democrat to carry the county in this period was former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who carried Gwinnett County during his sweep of every county in the state. However, the Republican edge narrowed, and then eventually was eliminated, in the 2010s as the county, as well as the rest of the Atlanta metro area, became larger and more diverse. In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in 40 years and the first non-Georgian Democrat to do so since John F. Kennedy in 1960, doing so by 5.9 points. This was due to changing demographics with white college-educated voters, as well as a white flight out of the county. In 2018, Stacey Abrams became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in a gubernatorial election since 1986 when Joe Frank Harris swept every county statewide. The Democratic trend became even more apparent in 2020, when Joe Biden won the county by 18.2 points, the best showing for a non-Georgian Democrat since Kennedy's 73.50%.

Raphael Warnock earned 62.8% of the vote here in the 2022 Senate runoff election, substantially improving upon Biden's result.

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Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners

District Name Party First elected Incorporated Cities of Gwinnett County represented[47]
  At-Large (Chair) Nicole Love Hendrickson Democratic 2020 All
  1 Kirkland Carden Democratic 2020 Duluth, Peachtree Corners, Berkeley Lake, Suwanee, Norcross
  2 Ben Ku Democratic 2018 Lilburn, Unincorporated Tucker, Unincorporated Stone Mountain, Unincorporated Norcross, Unincorporated Lawrenceville
  3 Jasper Watkins III Democratic 2020 Auburn, Braselton, Dacula, Lawrenceville, Grayson, Loganville, Snellville
  4 Matthew Holtkamp Republican 2022 Buford, Lawrenceville, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee

United States Congress

Senators Name Party First Elected Level
  Senate Class 2 Jon Ossoff Democratic 2021 Senior Senator
  Senate Class 3 Raphael Warnock Democratic 2021 Junior Senator
Representatives Name Party First Elected Area(s) of Gwinnett County represented
  District 4 Hank Johnson Democratic 2007 Berkeley Lake, Duluth, Lilburn, Norcross, Peachtree Corners
  District 9 Andrew Clyde Republican 2020 Auburn, Braselton, Buford, Dacula, Lawrenceville, Mulberry, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  District 10 Mike Collins Republican 2023 Dacula
  District 13 David Scott Democratic 2003 Grayson, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Loganville, Snellville

Georgia General Assembly

Georgia State Senate

District Name Party First Elected Area(s) of Gwinnett County represented
  5 Sheikh Rahman Democratic 2019 Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Norcross, Peachtree Corners
  7 Nabilah Islam Democratic 2023 Berkeley Lake, Duluth, Lawrenceville, Norcross, Peachtree Corners, Suwanee
  9 Nikki Merritt Democratic 2021 Grayson, Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Loganville, Snellville
  40 Sally Harrell Democratic 2019 Norcross, Peachtree Corners
  43 Tonya Anderson Democratic 2017 Grayson, Loganville, Snellville
  45 Clint Dixon Republican 2021 Auburn, Braselton, Buford, Dacula, Lawrenceville, Mulberry, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  46 Bill Cowsert Republican 2007 Dacula
  48 Shawn Still Republican 2023 Buford, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  55 Randal Mangham Democratic 2025 Snellville

Georgia House of Representatives

District Name Party First Elected Area(s) of Gwinnett County represented
  30 Derrick McCollum Republican 2022 Braselton, Buford, Mulberry
  48 Scott Hilton Republican 2023 Peachtree Corners
  88 Billy Mitchell Democratic 2003 Lilburn
  93 Doreen Carter Democratic 2015 Snellville
  94 Karen Bennett Democratic 2013 Snellville
  95 Dar'shun Kendrick Democratic 2011 Snellville
  96 Arlene Beckles Democratic 2025 Duluth, Norcross, Peachtree Corners
  97 Ruwa Romman Democratic 2023 Berkeley Lake, Duluth, Norcross, Peachtree Corners
  98 Marvin Lim Democratic 2021 Lilburn, Norcross
  99 Matt Reeves Republican 2023 Duluth, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  100 David Clark Republican 2015 Buford, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  102 Gabe Okoye Democratic 2023 Grayson, Lawrenceville
  103 Soo Hong Republican 2023 Buford, Rest Haven, Sugar Hill, Suwanee
  104 Chuck Efstration Republican 2013 Auburn, Braselton, Mulberry
  105 Sandy Donatucci Republican 2025 Buford, Dacula
  106 Shelly Hutchinson Democratic 2019 Lawrenceville, Lilburn, Snellville
  107 Sam Park Democratic 2017 Lawrenceville, Suwanee
  108 Jasmine Clark Democratic 2019 Lilburn
  109 Dewey McClain Democratic 2013 Lawrenceville, Lilburn
  110 Segun Adeyina Democratic 2023 Grayson, Lawrenceville, Loganville, Snellville
  111 Reynaldo Martinez Republican 2023 Dacula, Loganville
  112 Bruce Williamson Republican 2011 Loganville

Hospitals

  • Northside Hospital Gwinnett – Lawrenceville
  • Northside Hospital Duluth – Duluth
  • Piedmont Hospital Eastside - Snellville (formerly an HCA hospital, purchased by Piedmont in 2020.)

Media

The county's main newspaper is the Gwinnett Daily Post.

The Spanish-language newspaper El Nuevo Georgia has its headquarters in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Norcross.[48][49] Telemundo Atlanta is based in Gwinnett.

Parks

Gwinnett County Parks and Recreation operates and maintains parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, golf courses and recreation centers in the county. The department also runs recreational and educational programs.[50] The parks system has won many awards such as the gold medal in 2008 from American Academy for Park and Recreation Administration and National Recreation and Park Association. They were also finalists in 1999, 2006, and 2014.[51] The system has also been cited to use STEM by NRPA.[52]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Gwinnett County Public Schools operates the public schools for residents in Gwinnett County, with the exception of residents inside the Buford city limits, which are served by the Buford City School District.[53] There are 143 schools in the Gwinnett Public Schools district—21 high schools, 29 middle schools, 80 elementary schools and 13 specialty schools, making it the largest school district in Georgia.

A charter school, International Charter Academy of Georgia, that has a bilingual English and Japanese education program, is in Peachtree Corners. Another charter school, New Life Academy of Excellence, that has a bilingual English and Chinese education program, is near Peachtree Corners.

Private education

Colleges and universities

Sports

Minor-league affiliates of the NHL Nashville Predators and the MLB Atlanta Braves play home games and talent scout in the area.

In 2016, the Georgia Swarm of the National Lacrosse League relocated from Minnesota and began playing games at Infinite Energy Arena. The team won the league championship in 2017.

Georgia Force of Arena Football League had also played at Arena at Gwinnett Center before the team folded in 2012.

Club Sport League Venue Founded Titles
Atlanta Gladiators Ice hockey ECHL Gas South Arena 1995 0
Gwinnett Stripers Baseball International League Coolray Field 2009 0
Georgia Swarm Lacrosse National Lacrosse League Gas South Arena 2004 1

Gwinnett also hosts the Gwinnett Lions Rugby Football Club, a Division 3 Men's Rugby Team competing in the Georgia Rugby Union.[55]

Transportation

Airport

The county maintains a regional airport under the name Gwinnett County Airport, formerly Briscoe Field. The closest major airport serving the region is Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

Major roads and expressways

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Transit systems

Pedestrians and cycling

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  • Beaver Ruin Creek Greenway (Proposed)
  • Camp Creek Greenway[62]
  • Cedar Creek Trail Loop
  • Crooked Creek Trail (Proposed)[63]
  • Harbins Greenway (Proposed)[64]
  • Ivy Creek Greenway (Under construction)
  • Ivy Creek-Snellville Trail (Proposed)[64]
  • Norcross-Lilburn Trail (Proposed)[64]
  • Piedmont Pathway (Proposed)[64]
  • Riverlands Path (Under construction)
  • Sugar Hill Greenway (Under construction)
  • Suwanee Creek Greenway (Under construction)
  • The Loop Trail (Proposed)[64]
  • Western Gwinnett Bikeway (Under construction)

In 2015, Peachtree Corners conducted a Livable Centers Initiative (LCI) survey which indicated public desire for more multi-use trails. Beginning in 2016, Peachtree Corners has been in the process of constructing 11.5 miles of multi-use trails within the city limits.[63]

In 2016, Suwanee unveiled the first Bike Share program in Gwinnett County.[65]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  48. ↑ "Contáctenos Template:Webarchive." El Nuevo Georgia. Retrieved on September 18, 2012.
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External links

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