Guy Aldonce de Durfort, 1st Duke of Quintin

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Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox noble

Guy Aldonce de Durfort, 1st Duke of Lorges, Marshal of France, (1630–1702) fought in the Franco-Dutch War mostly on the Rhine under his uncle Marshal Turenne, but in 1673 he was seconded to the Siege of Maastricht. Back on the Rhine, he fought at Entzheim in 1674, at Turckheim in January 1675, and at Sasbach in July 1675, where Turenne fell. He distinguished himself at the retreat from Sasbach and the ensuing Battle of Altenheim.

In the Nine Years' War he commanded the Rhine army and took the city and the castle of Heidelberg in 1693. He is often mentioned in Saint-Simon's Mémoires as he was the author's father-in-law. Created the 2st Duke of Quintin in 1691, he was known as the 1st Duke of Lorges.

Birth and origins

Guy Aldonce was born on 22 August 1630, at the Château de Duras,Template:Sfn the fourth son of Guy Aldonce de Durfort (1605-1665) and Elisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne. His father was marquis of Duras, comte de Rauzan and comte de Lorges, as well as maréchal de camp in the French army.Template:Sfn The Durfort family held Duras since the 14th century. Guy's mother was a daughter of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne and sister of the Marshal Turenne. Both his parents were Calvinists. Later in life, following the example of his uncle, he and his older brother converted to Catholicism[1]

Guy was the fourth son, but his twin brother, Armand, died as an infantTemplate:Sfn and he thereafter occupied the third position and was often counted as the third son. His father distributed his subsidiary titles as courtesy titles among his sons. Guy was thus, after the death of his twin brother, styled comte de Lorges and was called Lorges, sometimes spelt Lorge, notably by Saint-Simon. He was numbered "Guy Aldonce II de Durfort" in the Durfort family, whereas his father was numbered "Guy Aldonce I de Durfort".

Guy's eldest brother, Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras, also became a Marshal of France. Their uncle Turenne probably helped to further the careers of both brothers.

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Guy was one of 12 siblings:

Guy listed among his siblings
He appears below among his siblings as the fourth child:
  1. Jacques Henri (1625–1704), marquis de Duras;Template:Sfn
  2. Frédérique Maurice (1626–1693), called Rauzan;Template:Sfn
  3. Armand (1630–1631), twin brother of Guy Aldonce II, died of the pest in his infancy;Template:Sfn
  4. Guy Aldonce (1630–1702);
  5. Louise-Madeleine, died young;Template:Sfn
  6. Elisabeth (1632–1715), married on 3 June 1656 Frédéric-Charles de La Rochefoucauld, comte de Roye;Template:Sfn
  7. Henriette (1633 – after 1667), married in 1653 Louis de Bourbon-Lavedan, marquis de Malauze;Template:Sfn
  8. Charles Henri (1634–1661), comte de Montgommery;Template:Sfn
  9. Louis (1641–1709), marquis de Blanquefort, who became Earl of Feversham;Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
  10. Charles-Louis (born in 1642), baron de Pujols, killed in Portugal;Template:Sfn
  11. Godefroy (1644–1669), comte de Rozan, colonel of foot, fell at the Siege of Candia, Crete;Template:Sfn
  12. Marie (1648–1689), dame de compagnie of Elisabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, duchesse d'Orléans.Template:Sfn
File:Duras château.JPG
The Château de Duras where he was born.

Franco-Dutch War

In the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) Lorges served mostly under Turenne in the French Rhine Army. However, in 1673 he was sent to Flanders with 7000Template:Sfn of Turenne's men to take part in the Siege of Maastricht.Template:Sfn He was assigned the north-eastern sector before Wijck, the part of Maastricht that lies on the right bank of the Maas. The town, under the command of Jacques de Fariaux, surrendered on 30 June 1673.Template:Sfn

File:Blason Maison Durfort de Lorges.svg
Arms of the House of Durfort de Lorges

Back on the Rhine, Lorges probably participated in the devastation of the Palatinate by Turenne in 1674. On 4 October 1674 in the Battle of Entzheim, Lorges commanded the Brigade d'Humières and the Dragons de la Reine on the left wing.Template:Sfn On 5 January 1675 he fought at the French victory of Turckheim where he commanded the right wing.Template:Sfn When Turenne was killed at Sasbach on 27 July 1675,Template:Sfn Lorges was lieutenant-general of the day, but marquis de Vaubrun was the most senior lieutenant-general. They agreed to alternate the command daily between them.Template:Sfn The army retreated from Sasbach and fought the Battle of Altenheim, where Vaubrun, who commanded the rearguard, was killed on 1 August 1675. When Lorges arrived back in Alsace he was ordered to hand over the command of the Rhine army to his brother the Duke of Duras, who had come from the Franche-Comté for that purposeTemplate:Sfn while waiting for the arrival of Condé from Flanders whom Louis XIV had appointed as commander of the Rhine Army.Template:Sfn On 26 January 1679 France made peace with the Holy Roman Empire in the Treaties of Nijmegen ending the Franco-Dutch War.Template:Sfn

Marriage and children

On 19 March 1676 (date of the contract) Lorges married Geneviève de Frémont, daughter of the keeper of the King's jewels.Template:Sfn Many of his friends considered that he had married socially beneath him, but the marriage was a happy one and even his son-in-law Saint-Simon, who disapproved of marriage between the classes, admitted that she was an admirable wife.Template:Sfn

File:Blondel - Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges (1630-1702) - MV 1042.jpg
Lorges in a 19th-century painting

Script error: No such module "anchor". Guy Aldonce and Geneviève had one son and four daughters:

  1. Marie Gabrielle (1678–1743), married Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon;Template:SfnTemplate:Efn
  2. Geneviève (1680-1740), called "Mademoiselle de Quintin", who married Antoine Nompar de Caumont, duke of Lauzun;Template:Sfn
  3. Guy Nicolas (1683–1758), succeeded him as duc de Lorges;Template:Sfn
  4. Élisabeth Gabrielle (died 1727), abbess of Template:Ill;Template:Sfn and
  5. Claude Suzanne Thérèse (died 1745), abbess of Template:Ill, Rouen.Template:Sfn

Saint-Simon praised Lorges, his father-in-law, warmly in his Memoirs, describing him as highly principled, frank, upright, good-natured, sincere and the most truthful man alive.Template:Sfn Lorges supplied his son-in-law with useful material for his memoirs, particularly on the early relations between Louis XIV and Madame de Maintenon.

File:Heidelberg Castle Powder Turret.jpg
The Powder Tower of Heidelberg Castle, blown up and split by Lorge's troops in 1693.

Nine Years' War

During the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also called the War of the Grand Alliance, Lorges commanded the French army of the Rhine from 1690 to 1695. On 31 December 1688 in the Chapel of the Château de VersaillesTemplate:Sfn he was made a Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit.Template:Sfn

In 1691 Lorges was elevated by Louis XIV to duc de Quintin-Lorge.Template:Sfn

On 27 September 1692, he surprised and routed 4,000 imperial cavalry under the command of Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental in their camp at Ötisheim and took Württemberg prisoner.Template:Sfn

On 22 May 1693 Lorges took the city of Heidelberg,Template:Sfn then the capital of the Electoral Palatinate. The castle capitulated the next day.Template:Sfn Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, was also Duke of Jülich and Berg and resided at Düsseldorf. Heidelberg been burned by René de Froulay de Tessé in 1689Template:Sfn and the castle's Fat Tower had been blown up.Template:Sfn Lorges now completed the destruction by burning the town and castle again. The commander des Bordes blew up many of the fortifications, notably the castle's Powder Tower, now known as the "Gesprengte Turm" (Blown-up Tower).Template:Sfn

The campaign of 1694 was relatively uneventful for the Rhine Army. On 20 June 1695, Lorges fell illTemplate:Sfn and was temporarily replaced by Joyeuse as commander of the Rhine Army.Template:Sfn Lorges's wife came from Paris and took him to Vichy so that he should take thermal baths there for his health.Template:Sfn On 4 September Lorges returned to his post.Template:Sfn In 1696 he was ill again and Marshal Choiseul was appointed in his place.Template:Sfn On 30 October 1697 the Emperor signed the Peace of Ryswick ending the Nine Years' War.Template:Sfn

Death and timeline

On 22 October 1702 he died in Paris of a botched kidney-stone surgery; Guy died in agonising pain, which he endured with great courage.Template:Sfn He was succeeded by his son Template:Ill, who would marry firstly Geneviève Chamillart (1685-1714) and then secondly in 1720 Marie Anne Antoinette de Mesmes (1696–1757), eldest daughter of Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, the premier président of the Parlement of Paris.

Timeline
Age Date Event
0 1630, 22 Aug Born at the Château de Duras.Template:Sfn
Script error: No such module "age". 1665, 8 Jan Father died.Template:Sfn
Script error: No such module "age". 1673, Jun Fought at the Siege of Maastricht[2]
Script error: No such module "age". 1675, 27 Jul Was there at Sasbach where Turenne was killed[3]
Script error: No such module "age". 1676, 19 Mar Married Geneviève Frémont d'Auneuil[4]
Script error: No such module "age". 1679, 26 Jan The Franco-Dutch War ended with the Treaties of Nijmegen.[5]
Script error: No such module "age". 1688, 31 Dec Made a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit.[6][7]
Script error: No such module "age". 1691, 21 Mar Created Duke of Quintin-Lorge[8]
Script error: No such module "age". 1692, 27 Sep Took Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental prisoner.[9]
Script error: No such module "age". 1693, 22 May Captured the city of Heidelberg.[10]
Script error: No such module "age". 1697, Oct The Peace of Ryswick ended the Nine Years' War.[11]
Script error: No such module "age". 1702, 22 Oct Died in Paris during a kidney-stone surgery[12]

Notes and references

Notes

Template:Notelist

Citations

Template:Reflist

Sources

Template:Refbegin

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – Dukes (for Durfort)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – Knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit and general index
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – D to F (for Feversham)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – 1675 to 1676
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – DOU to FEV (for Durfort)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – 1691 to 1709
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – 1643 to 1681 (for the Siege of Maastricht)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – 1681 to 1693
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – 1694 to 1702
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – 1691 to 1693
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". – 1694 to 1695

Template:Refend

Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTEQuincy1726a[httpsgallicabnffrark12148bpt6k123111hf367 350]
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTEDaniell1907[httpsarchiveorgdetailscalendarstatepa00levagoogpagen327 273]
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTEAnselme1730[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsCpagen759 740]
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage156 156]
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen223 214]
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen234 225]
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1879a[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints01sainpage27 27, line 10]
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTEKugler1878[httpsarchiveorgdetailsallgemeinedeutsc08lilipage51 51]
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage236 236]
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage262 262]
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1967[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoricalmemoir0001sainpage201 201]
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