Guoyu (book)
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The Guoyu, usually translated as Discourses of the States, is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of speeches attributed to rulers and other men from the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BC). It comprises a total of 240 speeches, ranging from the reign of King Mu of Zhou (Template:Reign) to the execution of the Jin minister Zhibo in 453 BC.Template:Sfnp Compilation of the Guoyu probably began during the 5th century and continued until the late 4th century BC. The earliest chapter of the compilation is the Discourses of Zhou.Template:Sfnp
The text's author is unknown, but it is sometimes attributed to Zuo Qiuming, a contemporary of Confucius;[1][2][3] although as early as Jin dynasty, Fu Xuan objected to that attribution of authorship.[4]
Contents
The texts compiled within Guoyu comprise the period, people, and events seen in the Spring and Autumn Annals, particularly one of its commentaries, the Zuo Zhuan by Zuo Qiuming.Template:Sfnp Thus, during the end of the Han dynasty, it was called the preface of the Zuo Zhuan.[5] Scholars like Xu Gan mention it in their work (in this case, the Zhōnglùn 中論 "Balanced Discourses"), though the tradition has since died out.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The text comprises eight books covering the Zhou court and seven of the feudal states, divided into 21 chapters:
| Template:Numero | Chinese | Pinyin | Translation | Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 周語 | Zhōu Yǔ | Discourses of Zhou | 3 |
| 2 | 魯語 | Lǔ Yǔ | Discourses of Lu | 2 |
| 3 | 齊語 | Qí Yǔ | Discourses of Qi | 1 |
| 4 | 晉語 | Jìn Yǔ | Discourses of Jin | 9 |
| 5 | 鄭語 | Zhèng Yǔ | Discourses of Zheng | 1 |
| 6 | 楚語 | Chǔ Yǔ | Discourses of Chu | 2 |
| 7 | 吳語 | Wú Yǔ | Discourses of Wu | 1 |
| 8 | 越語 | Yuè Yǔ | Discourses of Yue | 2 |
References
Citations
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- ↑ Zhou, Jixu (May, 2011) "Confucius and Lao Zi" Their Differing Social Foundations and Cultures", Sino-Platonic Papers 211. p. 2
- ↑ Sima Qian, Shiji, "Grand Historian's Autobiographical Postface". quote: "左丘失明，厥有國語"
- ↑ Sima Qian, "Letter to Ren An", in Book of Han "Vol. 62 - Account of Sima Qian" quote: "左丘失明，厥有國語"
- ↑ Kong Yingda, True Meaning of Chunqiu Zuozhuan "vol. 60" p. 20 of 146, quote: "傅玄云：《國語》非丘明所作。凡有共說一事而二文不同，必《國語》虛而《左傳》實，其言相反，不可強合也。" translation: "Fu Xuan said: '′Discourses of the States′ was not authored by Qiu Ming. Wherever they both narrate one thing yet their wordings differ, certainly ′Zuo tradition′['s narrative] is authentic while ′Discourses of the States′['s narrative] is spurious. The contradictory wordings cannot be forcibly reconciled.' "
- ↑ Template:Cite-book
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Sources
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External links
- Guoyu Original text in Chinese
- Guoyu 《國語》 Chinese text with matching English vocabulary