Grand admiral
Template:Short description Template:Navalranks Grand admiral is a historic naval rank, the highest rank in the several European navies that used it. It is best known for its use in Germany as Script error: No such module "Lang".. A comparable rank in modern navies is that of admiral of the fleet.
Austria-Hungary
Template:Infobox military rank
The Austrian grand admirals were all members of the Imperial family, except for Script error: No such module "Lang"., the commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy for part of World War I:Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
| Portrait | Name (born–died)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Appointed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Admiral Anton Haus, Kommandant der k. und k. Flotte.png | Anton Haus (1851–1917)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
12 May 1916 | |
| File:Emperor karl of austria-hungary 1917.png | Kaiser Charles I of Austria (1887–1922)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1 November 1916 | |
| File:Postcard Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany circa 1910.jpg | Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany (1859–1941)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
22 February 1917 |
France
In Bourbon Restoration France, the rank was an honorific one equivalent to that of marshal in the French Army.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Germany
Template:Infobox military rank In the Imperial German Navy, and later in the Script error: No such module "Lang"., the rank Großadmiral was the equivalent of a British admiral of the fleet or a United States fleet admiral; as a five-star rank (OF-10). Its holders were authorised to carry a baton.[1]
The rank was created in 1901 and discontinued in 1945, by which time a total of eight men had been promoted to it. The next most junior rank was Script error: No such module "Lang". (admiral-general).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Imperial Germany
Before and during World War I, the following were made grand admirals of the Imperial German Navy (Script error: No such module "Lang".):
| Portrait | Name (born–died)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Appointed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Edward VII of the United Kingdom.jpg | King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841–1910)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
26 June 1902 | [2] |
| File:Koester, Admiral Hans von, Agence Rol, BNF Gallica.jpg | Hans von Koester (1844–1928)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
28 June 1905 | |
| File:Porträtt av Oscar II i amiralsuniform. 1900-1907. Foto Lars Larsson (Cropped).jpg | King Oscar II of Sweden (1829–1907)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 July 1905 | |
| File:Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg | Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
4 September 1909 | |
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C1743, Alfred von Tirpitz.jpg | Alfred von Tirpitz (1849–1930)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
27 January 1911 | |
| File:Henning von Holtzendorff.jpg | Henning von Holtzendorff (1853–1919)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
31 July 1918 |
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Nazi Germany
Template:Infobox military rank Script error: No such module "Lang". was the most senior rank of the Script error: No such module "Lang"., immediately senior to Script error: No such module "Lang".. The rank was reintroduced in 1939 and was only awarded to the Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
| Portrait | Name (born–died)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Appointed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1980-128-63, Erich Raeder.jpg | Erich Raeder (1876–1960)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1 April 1939 | |
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-127-06A, Karl Dönitz (cropped)(2).jpg | Karl Dönitz (1891–1980)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
30 January 1943 |
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Italy
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The rank of grand admiral (Template:Langx) was created by Script error: No such module "Lang". in 1924. It was established primarily to honour Script error: No such module "Lang"., who had been head of the Italian Script error: No such module "Lang". during World War I — he was the only person to be awarded the rank. It was equivalent to marshal of Italy in the army and also marshal of the Air Force.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Peru
In 1967 the rank of Grand Admiral of Peru (Template:Langx) was awarded posthumously to Miguel Grau Seminario and is equivalent to the army rank of Grand Marshal of Peru.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Sweden
In Sweden the rank of grand admiral was only ever awarded twice. Once to Duke Charles (later king Charles XIII), who was given the title at birth and which was used by him as the commander of the Swedish Royal Navy and once to crown prince Oscar (I) as a courtesy title to honour his adoptive grandfather, the late king Charles XIII.[3]
Turkey
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Grand Admiral (Turkish: Büyük Amiral) is nominally a rank in the Turkish Navy. It is the equivalent of the ranks of field marshal in the Army and Air Force. Since the foundation of the Republic in 1923, no person has held the rank. It is awarded by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to persons who are holding the rank of admiral and displayed distinguished merit in wartime.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
In fiction
Among the grand admirals appearing in fiction and science fiction:
- Grand Admiral Thrawn of the science fiction franchise Star Wars.[4]
- Grand Admiral Blackadder of the Dark Segment, a distant future Blackadder in Blackadder's Christmas Carol.[5][6]
References
- ↑ BROCKHAUS, The encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 9: 3-7653-3660-2, page 164; definition: «Großadmiral»
- ↑ Template:Cite newspaper The Times
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Blackadder - The Specials - website televisionheaven.co.uk
- ↑ Blackadder's Christmas Carol - website IMDb