List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller

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File:Coat of arms of the Knights Hospitaller.svg
Coat of arms of the Order of Saint John. The personal coat of arms of the grand master would be shown alongside the order's coat of arms in 14th to 15th centuries. Beginning in the mid-15th century, the grand master would quarter the order's coat of arms with his own.

This is a list of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller, including its continuation as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta after 1798. It also includes unrecognized "anti-grand masters" and lieutenants or stewards during vacancies.

In lists of the heads of the Order, the title "grand master" is often applied retrospectively to the early heads of the Order. The medieval heads of the Order used the title of custos (guardian) of the hospital. The title magister (master) is used on coins minted in Rhodes, beginning with Foulques de Villaret. The first to use the title grandis magister (grand master) was Jean de Lastic (reigned 1437–1454).[1] Later grand masters in Rhodes used magnus magister (grand master).

In 1607 Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II created the grand master a prince of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsfürst).[2] This grant was renewed by Emperor Ferdinand II on July 16, 1620.[2][3] On March 20, 1607, Pope Paul V granted the grand master the style of His Eminence and precedence at the Court of Rome immediately after the cardinals.[2]

In 1880 the title of Fürst (prince) was recognised in Austria by the Emperor Franz Joseph I.[4]

On February 2, 1929, the title of principe (prince) and the style of Altezza Eminentissima (Most Eminent Highness) were recognised in Italy by King Victor Emmanuel III.[5]

The style currently used by the grand master is:

Template:Langx,[6]
Template:Langx,[7]
Template:Langx,[8]
Template:Langx,[9]
Template:Langx.[10]

Numbered lists of the heads of the Order were published beginning in the early 17th century, with updated editions appearing throughout the 18th century.[11] The numbering of masters and grand masters published in the 1719 Statutes of the Order lists Blessed Gerard as founder without number, Raymond du Puy as 1st Master, and Ramón Perellós (the incumbent as of 1719) as 63rd grand master.[12] The numbering currently used by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta lists Blessed Gerard as 1st master, Raymond du Puy as 2nd master, Ramón Perellós y Rocafull as 64th grand master, and Giacomo Dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto as 80th grand master.[13]

Knights Hospitaller (1099–1310)

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No. Title Name Tenure Notes
1[14] Founder and Rector of the Hospital Blessed Gerard 1099/1113–1118/20 Order established in 1099 and given papal recognition by Paschal II in his bull Pie postulatio voluntatis in 1113
2[14] Guardian Raymond du Puy 1118/20–1158/60 Succeeded Gerard after Pierre de Barcelona and Boyant Roger served in ad interim capacity. Began the use of the Hospitallers as a military force in the Holy Land and codified rules of conduct for the Order. Introduced the Order's Great Seal.[15]
3[14] Guardian Auger de Balben 1158/60–1162/63
4[14] Guardian Arnaud de Comps c. 1162–1163 Historicity uncertain. Arnaud de Comps is today considered by some as a master who never existed, his name having appeared in the chronological lists placed at the top of the statutes, but his rank is still maintained in the lists of the grand masters.
5[14] Guardian Gilbert of Assailly 1163–1169 Supported Amalric of Jerusalem in the Crusader invasions of Egypt
6[14] Guardian Gastone de Murols c. 1170–1172
7[14] Guardian Jobert of Syria c. 1172–1177 Acted as regent for king Amalric of Jerusalem in 1172. In 1174, opposed Miles of Plancy in favour of Raymond III of Tripoli.
8[14] Guardian Roger de Moulins 1177–1187 Killed at the Battle of Cresson. Commander William Borrel was appointed grand master ad interim, and he was killed at the Battle of Hattin, 3 months later.
9[14] Provisor Armengol de Aspa 1187–1190 Grand master ad interim during the loss of Jerusalem in 1187, headquarters moved to Acre. Included in the canonical list of grand masters compiled in the early modern period. After the capture of Acre and the consolidation of the order, Armengol abdicated, and Garnier de Nablus elected as grand master.
10[14] Guardian Garnier de Nablus 1190–1192 Supported Richard I of England in the Third Crusade.
11[14] Guardian Geoffroy de Donjon 1193–1202 After his death, succeeded by Pierre de Mirmande as grand master ad interim.
12[14] Guardian Afonso de Portugal 1202–1206 Resigned in 1206
13[14] Guardian Geoffroy le Rat 1206–1207 First structured the Order by nationality, or Langues.
14[14] Guardian Guérin de Montaigu 1207–1228 Fifth Crusade.
15[14] Guardian Bertrand de Thessy 1228–1231 Sixth Crusade.
16[14] Guardian Guérin Lebrun 1231–1236 Conflict with Bohemond IV of Antioch.
17[14] Guardian Bertrand de Comps 1236–1240 Barons' Crusade, Headquarters moved to Jerusalem.
18[14] Guardian Pierre de Vieille-Brioude 1240–1242 Battle of Gaza, conflict with the Templars.
19[14] Guardian Guillaume de Chateauneuf 1242–1258 Fall of Jerusalem in 1244, headquarters at Acre, Krak des Chevaliers and Margat. Captured at La Forbie in 1244. Jean de Ronay served as grand master ad interim, dying in 1250 at Mansurah. De Chateauneuf was released by the Ayyubids on 17 October 1250.
20[14] Guardian Hugues de Revel 1258–1277 Loss of Krak des Chevaliers in 1271
21[14] Guardian Nicolas Lorgne 1277–1285 Loss of Margat in 1285. Upon his death, Grand Commander Jacques de Taxi served as grand master ad interim until his successor Jean de Villiers arrived in the Holy Land.
22[14] Guardian Jean de Villiers 1285–1294 Siege of Acre.
23[14] Guardian Odon de Pins 1294–1296 Headquarters moved to Limisso, Cyprus.
24[14] Guardian Guillaume de Villaret 1296–1305
25[14] Guardian Foulques de Villaret 1305–1310 Nephew of Guillaume de Villaret. Headquarters moved to Rhodes in 1310.

Knights of Rhodes (1310–1530)

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No. Title Picture Name Tenure Notes
25[14] Master File:Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem - appellez depuis les Chevaliers de Rhodes, et aujourd'hui les Chevaliers de Malthe (1726) (14786339503).jpg Foulques de Villaret 1310–1319 Headquarters moved from Cyprus. Resigned at request of Pope John XXII in 1319. Died 1327.
Anti-Master File:Maurice de Pagnac.jpg Maurice de Pagnac 1317–1319
26[14] Master File:Elie de Ville Neuve.jpg Hélion de Villeneuve 1319–1346
27[14] Master File:Dieu Doné de Gozon.jpg Dieudonné de Gozon 1346–1353
28[14] Master File:Pierre de Cornillan 1.jpg Pierre de Corneillan 1353–1355
29[14] Master File:Roger de Pins.jpg Roger de Pins 1355–1365
30[14] Master File:Rhodos434.JPG Raymond Berengar 1365–1374
31[14] Master File:Robert de Juliac.jpg Robert de Juilly (de Juliac) 1374–1376
32[14] Master File:Jean Fernandes de Heredia.jpg Juan Fernández de Heredia 1376–1396 Appointed by Pope Gregory XI. Later supported Antipope Clement VII. Deposed by Pope Urban VI in 1382. Continued as Anti-Master at Rhodes until his death.
33[14] Master File:Richard Caracciolo.jpg Riccardo Caracciolo 1383–1395 Appointed by Pope Urban VI in 1382.
34[14] Master File:Philbert de Naillac.jpg Philibert de Naillac 1396–1421
35[14] Master File:Antoine Fulvian.jpg Anton Flavian de Ripa 1421–1437
36[14] Grand Master File:Jean Lastic.jpg Jean de Lastic 1437–1454 Siege of Rhodes (1444); first use of the title "Grand Master" (Grandis Magister).
37[14] Grand Master File:Jacques de Milly.jpg Jacques de Milly 1454–1461
38[14] Grand Master File:Rhodos445.JPG Piero Raimondo Zacosta 1461–1467
39[14] Grand Master File:Rhodos446.JPG Giovanni Battista Orsini 1467–1476
40[14] Grand Master File:Pierre daubusson.jpg Pierre d'Aubusson 1476–1503 Siege of Rhodes (1480)
41[14] Grand Master File:Emery d' Amboise0002.jpg Emery d'Amboise 1503–1512
42[14] Grand Master File:Rhodos449.JPG Guy de Blanchefort 1512–1513
43[14] Grand Master File:Fabrizio del Carretto.jpg Fabrizio del Carretto 1513–1521
44[14] Grand Master File:Villiers de l Isle-Adam.jpg Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam 1521–1530 Siege of Rhodes (1522); headquarters moved to Malta in 1530.

Knights of Malta (1530–1799)

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No. Title Picture Name Tenure Notes
44[14] Grand Master File:Villiers de l Isle-Adam.jpg Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam 1530–1534 Headquarters moved from Rhodes in 1530.
45[14] Grand Master File:GM Piero de Ponte.jpg Piero de Ponte 1534–1535
46[14] Grand Master File:SMOM 46. GM Didier de Saint-Jaille Stich.jpg Didier de Saint-Jaille 1535–1536
47[14] Grand Master File:SMOM 47. GM Jean de Homedes.jpg Juan de Homedes 1536–1553 Malta was attacked by an Ottoman fleet in 1551. The attack was repelled, but the Ottomans captured the island of Gozo, and later also the order's stronghold in Tripoli. De Homedes began a program to improve the fortifications at Malta.
48[14] Grand Master File:SMOM 48. GM Claude de la Sengle.jpg Claude de la Sengle 1553–1557 Continued the improvement of fortifications, expanding Fort Saint Michael into a major bastion and completing Fort Saint Elmo.
49[14] Grand Master File:JPDV.jpg Jean Parisot de Valette 1557–1568 Valette became the Order's most illustrious leader, commanding the resistance against the Ottomans at the Great Siege of Malta in 1565.
50[14] Grand Master File:Pietro del Monte.gif Pierre de Monte 1568–1572 Continued the construction of the new capital Valletta. Strengthened the order's fleet, and participated in the Battle of Lepanto of 7 October 1571.
51[14] Grand Master File:Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem - appellez depuis les Chevaliers de Rhodes, et aujourd'hui les Chevaliers de Malthe (1726) (14778266944).jpg Jean de la Cassière 1572–1581 Crisis in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. Expulsion of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) in 1581.
Lieutenant File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Mathurin Romegas 1577–1581
Anti-Grand Master File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Mathurin Romegas 1581
52[14] Grand Master File:Hugues Loubenx de Verdala Provence.gif Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle 1581–1595
53[14] Grand Master File:Martin Garzes.gif Martín Garzés 1595–1601
54[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Alof de Wignancourt official portrait.jpg Alof de Wignacourt 1601–1622 Constructed the Wignacourt towers and the Wignacourt Aqueduct. Repelled the last serious Ottoman attempt at capturing Malta in 1614.
55[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Luis Mendes de Vasconcellos.jpg Luís Mendes de Vasconcellos 1622–1623
56[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Antoine De Paule (1623-1636).jpg Antoine de Paule 1623–1636
57[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Giovanni Paolo Lascaris di Ventimiglia e Castellar.jpg Giovanni Paolo Lascaris 1636–1657 Hospitaller colonization of the Americas.
58[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Ritratto del Gran Maestro dell'Ordine dei Cavalieri di Malta Martin de Redin - M. Preti.jpg Martin de Redin 1657–1660
59[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Annet de Clermont-Gessant.jpg Annet de Clermont-Gessant 1660 Died on 2 June 1660, less than four months after his election.
60[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Raphael Cotoner 1.jpg Rafael Cotoner 1660–1663 Commissioned the Italian Baroque artist Mattia Preti to start painting Saint John's Co-Cathedral in Valletta.
61[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Nicolas Cotoner 1.jpg Nicolás Cotoner 1663–1680 Siege of Candia. Mattia Preti's work at St John's Co-Cathedral completed.
62[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Gregorio Carafa.jpg Gregorio Carafa 1680–1690 Renovation of Auberge d'Italie in the Baroque style; improvement of Fort Saint Angelo and Fort Saint Elmo. Ottoman attacks were still expected, but there were no longer any notable engagements.
63[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Adrien de Wignacourt.jpg Adrien de Wignacourt 1690–1697 Instituted a widows pension for the widows of those fallen in the Ottoman wars.
64[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Raimondo Perellos y Roccafull.jpg Ramon Perellós 1697–1720 Organised the Consulato del Mare (Consulate of the Sea). Established relations with imperial Russia. Fought corruption within the Order. Engagement against Ottoman pirates.
65[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem - appellez depuis les Chevaliers de Rhodes, et aujourd'hui les Chevaliers de Malthe (1726) (14594154237).jpg Marc'Antonio Zondadari 1720–1722
66[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Il-Belt. Palazz tal-Gran Mastru. Manoel de Vilhena.jpg António Manoel de Vilhena 1722–1736 Restored the city Mdina, constructed Fort Manoel and significantly improved the fortifications of Malta in general. Built Casa Leoni and Palazzo Parisio, and renovated Verdala Palace. Manoel Theatre (1731). Conducted peace negotiations with the Ottomans, without result. Declared neutrality in the War of the Polish Succession.
67[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Ramon Despuig.gif Ramón Despuig 1736–1741 Improved the fortifications of Mdina, modernised legislation, renovated the Co-Cathedral of St. John. Naval engagements with Ottoman Algeria.
68[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Emmanuel Pinto de Fonseca.jpg Manuel Pinto da Fonseca 1741–1773 Expelled the Jesuits from Malta. Proclaimed the sovereignty of the Order on Malta in 1753 and a dispute started with the Kingdom of Sicily under King Charles V. Normal relations were resumed the next year, with the Order retaining de facto control over Malta as a sovereign state.[16]
69[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Retrato de Frei Francisco Ximenes de Texada, 69.º Príncipe e Grão-Mestre da Ordem de Malta.png Francisco Ximénez de Tejada 1773–1775 Rising of the Priests (1775); bankruptcy of the order.
70[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc.jpg Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc 1775–1797 Instituted the Anglo-Bavarian langue and the Russian Grand Priory.
71[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim, 71st and last Grand Master of the Hospitallers of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (French School, 18th-century).png Ferdinand von Hompesch
zu Bolheim 		1797–1799 First German elected to the office. Abdicated on 6 July 1799 following the French invasion of Malta.

Timeline

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 from: 1521 till: 1534 color:gm text:"Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam"
 from: 1534 till: 1535 color:gm text:"Piero de Ponte"
 from: 1535 till: 1536 color:gm text:"Didier de Saint-Jaille"
 from: 1536 till: 1553 color:gm text:"Juan de Homedes"
 from: 1553 till: 1557 color:gm text:"Claude de la Sengle"
 from: 1557 till: 1568 color:gm text:"Jean Parisot de Valette"
 from: 1568 till: 1572 color:gm text:"Pierre de Monte"
 from: 1572 till: 1581 color:gm text:"Jean de la Cassière"
 from: 1581 till: 1595 color:gm text:"Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle"
 from: 1595 till: 1601 color:gm text:"Martín Garzés"
 from: 1601 till: 1622 color:gm text:"Alof de Wignacourt"
 from: 1622 till: 1623 color:gm text:"Luís Mendes de Vasconcellos"
 from: 1623 till: 1636 color:gm text:"Antoine de Paule"
 from: 1636 till: 1657 color:gm text:"Giovanni Paolo Lascaris"
 from: 1657 till: 1660 color:gm text:"Martin de Redin"
 from: 1660 till: 1660 color:gm text:"Annet de Clermont-Gessant"
 from: 1660 till: 1663 color:gm text:"Rafael Cotoner"
 from: 1663 till: 1680 color:gm text:"Nicolás Cotoner"
 from: 1680 till: 1690 color:gm text:"Gregorio Carafa"
 from: 1690 till: 1697 color:gm text:"Adrien de Wignacourt"
 from: 1697 till: 1720 color:gm text:"Ramon Perellós"
 from: 1720 till: 1722 color:gm text:"Marc'Antonio Zondadari"
 from: 1722 till: 1736 color:gm text:"António Manoel de Vilhena"
 from: 1736 till: 1741 color:gm text:"Ramón Despuig"
 from: 1741 till: 1773 color:gm text:"Manuel Pinto da Fonseca"
 from: 1773 till: 1775 color:gm text:"Francisco Ximénez de Tejada"
 from: 1775 till: 1797 color:gm text:"Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc"
 from: 1797 till: 1799 color:gm text:"Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim"

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Sovereign Military Order of Malta (since 1798)

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No. Title Picture Name Tenure Notes
72[14] Grand Master de facto File:Paul i russia.jpg Paul I of Russia 1798–1801 Elected by the Priory of St. Petersburg in September 1798 (before the abdication of von Hompesch). Election not confirmed by Pope Pius VII.
Lieutenant de facto File:Saltykov Nikolay Ivanovich.jpg Nikolai Saltykov 1801–1803 De facto Lieutenant in Saint Petersburg.
73[14] Prince and Grand Master File:SMOM 73. GM Giovanni Battista Tommasi.jpg Giovanni Battista Tommasi 1803–1805 Appointed by Pope Pius VII. Residence in Messina and Catania.
Lieutenant File:Innico Maria Guevara Suardo.jpg Innico Maria Guevara-Suardo 1805–1814 Headquarters in Catania.
Lieutenant File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Andrea Di Giovanni y Centellés 1814–1821 Headquarters in Catania.
Lieutenant File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Antoine Busca 1821–1834 Headquarters in Ferrara.
Lieutenant File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Carlo Candida 1834–1845 Headquarters moved to Palazzo Malta, Rome.
Lieutenant File:Philipp von Colloredo.jpg Filippo di Colloredo-Mels 1845–1864
Lieutenant File:Alessandro Borgia 1.jpg Alessandro Borgia 1865–1871
Lieutenant File:Jean-Baptiste Ceschi a Santa Croce.jpg Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce 1871–1879
74[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Jean-Baptiste Ceschi a Santa Croce.jpg Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce 1879–1905 Restoration of the office of Grand Master after a 75-year interregnum, confirmed by Pope Leo XIII.
75[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Galeazzo von Thun und Hohenstein.jpg Galeas von Thun und Hohenstein 1905–1931
76[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Prince chigi-crop.jpg Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere 1931–1951
Lieutenant File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Antonio Hercolani Fava Simonetti 1951–1955
Lieutenant File:Fotografia del Luogotenente Ernesto Paternò Castello di Carcaci.jpg Ernesto Paternò Castello di Carcaci 1955–1962 Constitutional Charter approved by Apostolic Letter of Pope John XXIII, June 24, 1961.
77[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Photo of Great Master Angelo de Mojana di Cologna.jpg Angelo de Mojana di Cologna 1962–1988
Lieutenant ad interim File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Jean Charles Pallavicini 1988
78[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Gianfranco-De-Meo Gran-Maestro-Fra-Andrew-Bertie g.jpg Andrew Bertie 1988–2008 Constitutional Charter and Code revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28-30 April 1997.[17]
Lieutenant ad interim File:FraGiacomoDallaTorre.jpg Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto 2008
79[14] Prince and Grand Master File:HMEH Fra' Matthew Festing, 79th Prince and Grand Master, SMOM.jpg Matthew Festing 2008–2017 First Grand Master elected under the new constitution of 1997. Resigned in 2017.[18]
Lieutenant ad interim File:Fra Ludwig Hoffmann-Rumerstein in 2018.jpg Ludwig Hoffmann-Rumerstein 2017
Lieutenant of the Grand Master File:FraGiacomoDallaTorre.jpg Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto 2017–2018
80[14] Prince and Grand Master File:FraGiacomoDallaTorre.jpg Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto 2018–2020
Lieutenant ad interim File:Coat of arms of Fra' Ruy Gonçalo do Valle Peixoto de Villas-Boas.svg Ruy Gonçalo do Valle Peixoto de Villas Boas 2020
Lieutenant of the Grand Master File:Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg Marco Luzzago 2020–2022
Lieutenant ad interim File:Coat of arms of Fra' Ruy Gonçalo do Valle Peixoto de Villas-Boas.svg Ruy Gonçalo do Valle Peixoto de Villas Boas 2022
Lieutenant of the Grand Master File:Fra’ John T. Dunlap Official portrait.jpg John T. Dunlap 2022–2023 Appointed by Pope Francis.
81[14] Prince and Grand Master File:Fra’ John T. Dunlap Official portrait.jpg John T. Dunlap 2023–present First Grand Master following the 2022 revision of the Order's constitution.[19][20]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Morris (1884), 17–19.
  2. ↑ a b c Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch des Fürstlichen Häuser, Fürstliche Häuser Band 2 (Marburg: Verlag des Deutschen Adelsarchivs, 2018), 175.
  3. ↑ "Del titolo di 'Altezza' del Gran Maestro dell'Ordine Gerosolimitano", Rivista del Collegio araldico anno I (1903): 271.
  4. ↑ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstlicher Häuser Band I (Glücksburg: C. A. Starke, 1951), 178.
  5. ↑ "Regio Decreto 21 gennaio 1929, n. 61", articolo 51 Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia, Anno 70, Numero 28 (2 febbraio 1929), 526.
  6. ↑ Constitutional Charter and Code, Title III, Article 12, Sovereign Order of Malta.
  7. ↑ Carta Costituzionale e Codice, Titolo III, Articolo 12, Sovrano Ordine di Malta.
  8. ↑ Charte constitutionelle et Code, Titre III, Art. 12, Ordre Souverain de Malte.
  9. ↑ Verfassung und Codex, Kapitel III, Artikel 12, Souveräner Malteserorden.
  10. ↑ Carta Constitucional y Código, Títolo III, Art. 12, Soberano Orden de Malta.
  11. ↑ Bibliography: Friedrich von Hellwald, Bibliographie méthodique de l'Ordre souv de St. Jean de Jérusalem (1885), 137f. Examples: Abcontrafeiung aller Großmeister des ritterlichen Johanniter-Ordens, Frankfurt 1611. Chevillard, Jacques-Louis, Les noms, qualités, armes et blasons de leurs Eminences Messieurs les Grands-Maistres de l'Ordre de Saint Jean de Jérusalem, dits de Malte, depuis leur origine jusqu'à présent, — Paris (1697, updated 1741). François Clément, Chronologie historique des grands-maîtres de l'Ordre de St. Jean de Jérusalem in: L'art de vérifier les dates, Paris (1770). Cronologia de i Gran-Maestri dello Spedale del Santo Sepolcro, ec. detti di Malta, dedicated to the then-ruling grand master, Ramon Perellos y Roccaful, printed by Domenico de' Rossi in Rome (1709). An updated version of this work was re-published with English translation in 1962. Cronologia De I Gran Maestri Dello Spedale Della Sacra Religione Militare Di S Gio Gerosolimitano E Dell’Ordine Del Santo Sepolcro Oggi Detti Di Malta. (1099 -1962) — Chronology of the Grand Masters of the Hospital of the Sacred Military Religion of St John of Jerusalem and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre now known as the Order of Malta. (1099-1962), translated by Fra John Edward Critien, photography and design by Daniel Cilia, published in collaboration with Heritage Malta (1962), reprinted in 2005, Template:ISBN. Horquet, Karl, Chronologie der Grossmeister des Hospitalordens während der Kreuzzüge, Berlin (1880) The etched portraits used in the list below fictional (with attributed coats of arms) are from a French Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers published in 1726: Monsignor l'Abbe de Vertot, Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem - appellez depuis les Chevaliers de Rhodes, et aujourd'hui les Chevaliers de Malthe (1726).
  12. ↑ Volume che contiene gli statuti della Sacra Religione Gerosolimitana, Orden de Malta, per Antonio Scionico, 1719,1–9 (manual continuation of the chronology to Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc as 69th).
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce Numbering according to the SMOM (website orderofmalta.int as of 2017) implies the recognition of Riccardo Caracciolo as 33rd Grand Master, and of Paul I of Russia as 72nd Grand Master (r. 1798–1801).
  15. ↑ The Order's Great Seal, or leaden bulla, remained in use, with some modifications, from the 12th century until 1798. Until 1278, when Nicholas de Lorgne introduced a separate conventual bulla, there was no distinction between the seal of the Grand Master and that of the order. The general design of the seal featured, on the obverse, the Grand Master kneeling in prayer before the patriarchal cross. This image was usually accompanied with the sacred letters alpha and omega, which referenced the Second Coming of Christ. The central image was surrounded by a legend with the Master's name followed by the official designation CVSTOS. Barbara Packard, Seals of the Grand Masters, Museum of the Order of St John, 14 October 2015.
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Constitutional Charter and Code of the SMOM (1997).
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Dunlap's election was made possible by the 2022 revisions to the Order's constitution ordered by Pope Francis, which removed the traditional requirement that the Grand Master be able to prove noble ancestry.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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