Graham County, Kansas
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Graham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Hill City.[1] As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,415.[2] The county was named for John Graham, a captain in the Civil War who died during the Battle of Chickamauga. The county is home to Nicodemus, founded in 1877, which is the only remaining western town established by African Americans during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War.
History
Early history
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19th century
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.
In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. Graham County was organized in 1880.[3] In 1887, Graham County was established and named for Captain John L. Graham,[4] a Union soldier killed in action at the Battle of Chickamauga in Tennessee on September 19, 1863.[5]
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (0.03%) is water.[6]
Graham County roughly contains 3600 quarter sections, and is the fourth county east of Colorado line and the second county south of the Nebraska line. The 100th meridian west passes nearly through its center. The average elevation in the county is Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level. It is intersected by the south fork of Solomon River, and drained by Saline River.[7]
Adjacent counties
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- Norton County (north)
- Phillips County (northeast)
- Rooks County (east)
- Ellis County (southeast)
- Trego County (south)
- Gove County (southwest)
- Sheridan County (west)
- Decatur County (northwest)
National protected area
Demographics
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| Census | Pop. | Template:Sronly | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 4,258 | — | |
| 1890 | 5,029 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1900 | 5,173 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1910 | 8,700 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1920 | 7,624 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1930 | 7,772 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1940 | 6,071 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1950 | 5,020 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1960 | 5,586 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1970 | 4,751 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1980 | 3,995 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 1990 | 3,543 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2000 | 2,946 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2010 | 2,597 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2020 | 2,415 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 2,376 | [8] | Script error: No such module "String".% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[9] 1790-1960[10] 1900-1990[11] 1990-2000[12] 2010-2020[2] | |||
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2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 2,415 and a median age of 50.4 years; 21.0% of residents were under the age of 18 while 27.7% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.8 males and 95.7 males for every 100 females age 18 and over. None of the population lived in urban areas while 100.0% lived in rural areas.[13][14]
The racial makeup of the county was 91.6% White, 2.4% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.6% from some other race, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 2.6% of the population.[15]
There were 1,103 households in the county, of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 24.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[13]
There were 1,422 housing units, of which 22.4% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.7% were owner-occupied and 25.3% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.4%.[13]
2000 census
As of the 2000 census,[16] there were 2,946 people, 1,263 households, and 847 families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 1,553 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 94.91% White, 3.22% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78% of the population.
There were 1,263 households, out of which 27.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.50% were married couples living together, 5.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.90% were non-families. 30.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.50% under the age of 18, 5.30% from 18 to 24, 23.10% from 25 to 44, 25.40% from 45 to 64, and 23.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $31,286, and the median income for a family was $38,036. Males had a median income of $26,642 versus $18,222 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,050. About 8.60% of families and 11.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.60% of those under age 18 and 10.40% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Presidential elections
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Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, Graham County remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 1992, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink without a food sales requirement.[17]
Education
Unified school districts
Communities
List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Graham County.[18]
Cities
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Unincorporated communities
† means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau.
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Ghost towns
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Townships
Graham County is divided into thirteen townships. None of the cities within the county are considered governmentally independent, and all figures for the townships include those of the cities. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.
| Township | FIPS | Population center |
Population | Population density /km2 (/sq mi) |
Land area km2 (sq mi) |
Water area km2 (sq mi) |
Water % | Geographic coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allodium | 01325 | 46 | 0 (1) | 175 (67) | 0 (0) | 0.06% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Bryant | 08850 | 115 | 0 (1) | 233 (90) | 0 (0) | 0.04% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Gettysburg | 26175 | 83 | 0 (1) | 227 (88) | 0 (0) | 0.04% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Graham | 27175 | 53 | 0 (1) | 186 (72) | 0 (0) | 0.02% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Happy | 29950 | 72 | 0 (1) | 233 (90) | 0 (0) | 0.05% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Hill City | 32200 | Hill City | 1,747 | 16 (41) | 112 (43) | 0 (0) | 0.15% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". |
| Indiana | 34000 | 42 | 0 (1) | 174 (67) | 0 (0) | 0.01% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Millbrook | 46625 | 150 | 1 (2) | 159 (62) | 0 (0) | 0.04% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Morland | 48250 | 68 | 0 (1) | 286 (111) | 0 (0) | 0.05% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Nicodemus | 50575 | 52 | 1 (2) | 84 (32) | 0 (0) | 0.03% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Pioneer | 55900 | 57 | 0 (1) | 161 (62) | 0 (0) | 0.02% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | |
| Solomon | 66300 | Morland | 209 | 1 (3) | 159 (61) | 0 (0) | 0.01% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". |
| Wildhorse | 79225 | Bogue | 252 | 2 (5) | 137 (53) | 0 (0) | 0.06% | Script error: No such module "Coordinates". |
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In art
Noted regional artist Birger Sandzén frequently painted landscapes in Graham County, where his wife's parents moved in 1906.[19] Examples include Still Water currently profiled in the collection at Kansas State University's Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art which depicts Wild Horse Creek in the county.[19]
See also
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- Community information for Kansas
- Kansas locations by per capita income
- List of counties in Kansas
- List of townships in Kansas
- List of cities in Kansas
- List of unincorporated communities in Kansas
- List of ghost towns in Kansas
References
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- ↑ a b North, 24-27
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- Notes
Further reading
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".; 156 pages; 2003.
- Standard Atlas of Graham County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 61 pages; 1906.
External links
- County
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- Graham County - Directory of Public Officials
- Historical
- Maps
- Graham County Township Map - Kansas Department of Transportation
- Graham County Road Maps - Kansas Department of Transportation
- Kansas State Highway Maps - Kansas Department of Transportation
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