Texarkana, Arkansas

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use American English Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator Texarkana is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas and the county seat of Miller County, on the southwest border of the state. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 29,387.[1] It is the twin city of Texarkana, Texas, located just across the state line. The city was founded at a railroad intersection on December 8, 1873, and was incorporated in Arkansas on August 10, 1880. Texarkana and its Texas counterpart are the principal cities of the Texarkana metropolitan area, which in 2021 was ranked 289th in the United States with a population of 147,174, according to the United States Census Bureau.

Within the Ark-La-Tex subregion of southwest Arkansas, Texarkana is located in the Piney Woods, an oak–hickory forest that dominates the flat Gulf Coastal Plain. Texarkana's economy is based on agriculture. The city has long been a trading center, first located at the intersection of major railroads serving Texas, Arkansas and north into Missouri. Since then three major Interstate highways constructed crossroads here: Interstate 30 (I-30), I-49, and the future I-69. The Red River Army Depot is the largest single employer in the city.

The Texarkana Arkansas School District is the largest public school district on the Arkansas side. The city has a branch campus of the University of Arkansas Hope-Texarkana (UAHT). Texarkana College is located on the Texas side.

History

File:Arkansas - Texarkana - NARA - 23934063 (cropped).jpg
View of Texarkana, 1932

Miller County was formed in 1820 in the Arkansas Territory; it was named in honor of James Miller, Arkansas' first territorial governor and a general during the War of 1812. Much of its eastern border is formed by the Red River. At the time, there was considerable uncertainty among Americans as to the location of the boundary between the county (and the United States) and national territory of Mexico, which then included Texas.

Consequently, settlers believed that Arkansas levied and collected taxes on land that eventually might be held by Mexico. Moreover, many who resented what they considered Mexican oppression of European-American Texans were openly declaring allegiance to the Texans.

After the Texas Republic gained independence from Mexico, regional unrest increased. In 1838, Governor James Conway proposed that the "easiest and most effective remedy is the abolition of Miller County to an area which is more patriotic." Miller County was dissolved and its land was made part of Lafayette County, Arkansas.

In 1873 town lots were sold in Texarkana, Arkansas, at the intersection of two railroads, which stimulated its growth as a trading center. In this area and time period, railroads had replaced rivers as the preferred method of transportation and shipping, and new towns were sited for best advantage via the railroad. The next year (1874), Texarkana, Texas, was founded on the rail line on June 12 across the state border.

That same year, the Arkansas legislature re-established Miller County.[2] Efforts of the young town in Arkansas to be incorporated were not realized until October 17, 1880, nearly seven years after Texarkana, Texas, was formed. Both Texarkana cities generally recognize December 8, 1873, as the date of organization.[2]

On February 11, 1922, masked men lynched Mr. Norman, an African-American man, in Texarkana, Miller County, Arkansas. Lynchings were perpetrated by white men primarily against black males, although some black women were also lynched in the South.

Geography

File:Texarkana Municipal Auditorium IMG 67413.jpg
Municipal Auditorium is located in the City Hall complex.
File:Texarkana, AR, Fire Dept. IMG 6412.jpg
The Texarkana Fire Department adjoins the Municipal Auditorium.
File:Highland Church of Christ, Texarkana, AR IMG 6357.jpg
Highland Church of Christ at 1705 Highland Street

Texarkana is Script error: No such module "convert". southwest of Little Rock, Script error: No such module "convert". north of Shreveport, Louisiana, and Script error: No such module "convert". northeast of Dallas, Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau, Texarkana has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". are land and Script error: No such module "convert"., or 0.54%, are water.[3] The city is mainly drained by Nix Creek, a southwest-flowing tributary of Days Creek, part of the Sulphur River watershed leading to the Red River.

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Texarkana has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[4]

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18801,390—
18903,528Script error: No such module "String".%
19004,914Script error: No such module "String".%
19105,655Script error: No such module "String".%
19208,257Script error: No such module "String".%
193010,764Script error: No such module "String".%
194011,821Script error: No such module "String".%
195015,875Script error: No such module "String".%
196019,788Script error: No such module "String".%
197021,682Script error: No such module "String".%
198021,459Script error: No such module "String".%
199022,631Script error: No such module "String".%
200026,448Script error: No such module "String".%
201029,919Script error: No such module "String".%
202029,387Script error: No such module "String".%
2025 (est.)29,123DecreaseScript error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[5]

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Racial and ethnic composition

Texarkana city, Arkansas – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[6] Pop 2010[7] Pop 2020[8] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 17,191 18,356 16,113 65.00% 61.35% 54.83%
Black or African American alone (NH) 8,163 9,853 10,347 30.86% 32.93% 35.21%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 122 160 158 0.46% 0.53% 0.54%
Asian alone (NH) 131 166 175 0.50% 0.55% 0.60%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) 6 15 2 0.02% 0.05% 0.01%
Other race alone (NH) 19 30 102 0.07% 0.10% 0.35%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 344 495 1,246 1.30% 1.65% 4.24%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 472 844 1,244 1.78% 2.82% 4.23%
Total 26,448 29,919 29,387 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Texarkana had a population of 29,387 and 11,831 households, of which 7,348 were families. The median age was 39.1 years. 23.0% of residents were under the age of 18 and 17.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 94.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 91.2 males age 18 and over.[9][10]

86.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 13.5% lived in rural areas.[11]

There were 11,831 households in Texarkana, of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 37.1% were married-couple households, 19.3% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 36.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[9]

There were 13,593 housing units, of which 13.0% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.5%.[9]

Racial composition as of the 2020 census[10]
Race Number Percent
White 16,427 55.9%
Black or African American 10,408 35.4%
American Indian and Alaska Native 182 0.6%
Asian 175 0.6%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 2 0.0%
Some other race 604 2.1%
Two or more races 1,589 5.4%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 1,244 4.2%

2016 estimates

The median income for a household in the city was $31,343, and the median income for a family was $38,292. Males had a median income of $35,204 versus $21,731 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,130. About 17.2% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.0% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or above.[12]

Government and infrastructure

The Arkansas Department of Correction operates the Texarkana Regional Correction Center in Texarkana.[13]

Arkansas residents whose permanent residence is within the city limits of Texarkana, Arkansas, are exempt from Arkansas individual income taxes.[14]

The Federal Courthouse (which holds the city's only post office) is located directly on the Arkansas-Texas state line. It is the only federal office building to straddle a state line.

According to the city's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the area are:

  1. Red River Army Depot & Tenants 4,135,
  2. Christus St. Michael Health Care 1,800,
  3. Cooper Tire & Rubber Company 1,750,
  4. AECOM/URS 1,300,
  5. Southern Refrigerated Transport 1,235,
  6. Wal-Mart 1,200,
  7. Texarkana TX Independent School District 1,150,
  8. Domtar, Inc. 900,
  9. Graphic Packaging 800,
  10. Wadley Regional Medical Center 755,
  11. Texarkana Arkansas School District 785,

Transportation

Education

Public education for elementary and secondary school students is provided by two school districts:

Private education opportunities include:

In 2012, a branch of the University of Arkansas Community College at Hope was established at Texarkana. It is known as University of Arkansas Hope-Texarkana (UAHT). In 2015 UAHT began partnering with the University of Arkansas Little Rock, to offer bachelor's degree programs through UALR Texarkana, with classes held on the UAHT Texarkana campus.[17]

Pop culture

  • In 2016, a video of a Texarkana minister defending LGBT rights in a speech went viral online.[18]
  • Cornelius, a random sorghum seedling that struggled to survive in a crack in the sidewalk in 2024. By early October 2024, Cornelius had sprouted and found a Facebook following numbering in double digits.[19]
  • The town, along with its counterpart across the state line of Texas, is the location setting of the cult-classic film, The Town That Dreaded Sundown.

Notable people

References

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  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ "SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Miller County, AR." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on October 15, 2017.
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Mike Huckabee, From Hope to Higher Ground, New York: Center Street Publishers, 2007, p. 5
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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