Germanium dichloride
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| Template:Longitem | Template:Chem2 |
| Molar mass | 143.546 g/mol |
| Appearance | white-pale yellow solid |
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Germanium dichloride is a chemical compound of germanium and chlorine with the formula Template:Chem2. It is a yellow solid. Germanium dichloride is an example of a compound featuring germanium in the +2 oxidation state.
Preparation
Solid germanium dichloride can be produced by comproportionation by passing germanium tetrachloride, Template:Chem2, over germanium metal at 300 °C and reduced pressure (0.1 mmHg).[1]
Germanium dichloride is also formed from the decomposition of trichlorogermane, Template:Chem2, at 70 °C. Trichlorogermane is generated when germanium reacts with hydrogen chloride.[1] This reaction involves dehydrohalogenation.
Another route to germanium dichloride is the reduction of germanium tetrachloride with hydrogen at 800 °C.[1]
Reactions
Template:Chem2 is hydrolysed to give yellow germanium(II) hydroxide, which on warming gives brown germanium monoxide:[1]
Alkalizing a solution containing germanium(II) ions:
Germanium oxides and hydroxides are amphoteric. Solutions of Template:Chem2 in HCl are strongly reducing.[2] With chloride ion, ionic compounds containing the pyramidal Template:Chem2 ion have been characterised, for example [3] With rubidium and caesium chloride compounds, e.g. Template:Chem2 are produced; these have distorted perovskite structures.[1]
Germanium dichloride reacts with tetraethylammonium chloride to give the trichlorogermanate:[4]
Dichlorogermylene
Molecular Template:Chem2 is often called dichlorogermylene, highlighting its resemblance to a carbene. The structure of gas-phase molecular Template:Chem2 shows that it is a bent molecule, as predicted by VSEPR theory.[5] The dioxane complex, Template:Chem2, has been used as a source of molecular Template:Chem2 for reaction syntheses, as has the in situ reaction of Template:Chem2 and Ge metal. Template:Chem2 is quite reactive and inserts into many types of chemical bonds.[6] Usually, germanium dichloride is generated from germanium dichloride dioxane.
References
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- ↑ a b c d e Template:Greenwood&Earnshaw
- ↑ Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier Template:ISBN
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