Etowah County, Alabama

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Etowah County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 103,436.[1] Its county seat is Gadsden.[2] Its name is from a Cherokee word meaning 'edible tree'.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In total area, it is the smallest county in Alabama, albeit one of the most densely populated. Etowah County comprises the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The area was split first among neighboring counties, with most of it belonging to DeKalb and Cherokee counties.[3] On December 7, 1866, the first postwar legislature separated and established Baine County, named for David W. Baine, a politician and Confederate military officer who died in battle in 1862.[4] Gadsden was designated as the county seat.

Because of postwar tensions and actions of insurgents against freedmen, at the state constitutional convention in 1868, the new county was abolished, replaced on December 1, 1868, by one aligned to the same boundaries and named Etowah County, from a Cherokee-language word.[5] The Cherokee people in northeast Alabama had been forcibly removed in the 1830s to Indian Territory (now part of Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River.

20th century to present

Etowah County had issues of racial discrimination and injustice, and Jim Crow. It had one documented lynching between 1877 and 1950,[6] which occurred in 1906.[7] Bunk Richardson, an innocent African-American, only because he was associated with a case in which a white woman was raped and killed. The whites were angry that the governor had commuted the death sentence of one defendant in the case (who was likely also innocent of charges), after two men had already been executed for the crime.[8]

An F4 tornado struck here on Palm Sunday March 27, 1994. It destroyed Piedmont's Goshen United Methodist Church twelve minutes after the National Weather Service of Birmingham issued a tornado warning for northern Calhoun, southeastern Etowah, and southern Cherokee counties.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert"., or 2.5%, is water.[9] It is the smallest county by area in Alabama.

Adjacent counties

Transportation

Transit

Major highways

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Rail

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
187010,109—
188015,398Script error: No such module "String".%
189021,926Script error: No such module "String".%
190027,361Script error: No such module "String".%
191039,109Script error: No such module "String".%
192047,275Script error: No such module "String".%
193063,399Script error: No such module "String".%
194072,580Script error: No such module "String".%
195093,892Script error: No such module "String".%
196096,980Script error: No such module "String".%
197094,144Script error: No such module "String".%
1980103,057Script error: No such module "String".%
199099,840Script error: No such module "String".%
2000103,459Script error: No such module "String".%
2010104,430Script error: No such module "String".%
2020103,436Script error: No such module "String".%
2024 (est.)103,207[10]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]
1790–1960[12] 1900–1990[13]
1990–2000[14] 2010–2020[1]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 103,436. The median age was 42.4 years. 21.6% of residents were under the age of 18 and 19.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 93.7 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 90.7 males age 18 and over.[15][16]

The racial makeup of the county was 76.0% White, 14.6% Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 2.6% from some other race, and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 4.7% of the population.[16]

56.8% of residents lived in urban areas, while 43.2% lived in rural areas.[17]

There were 41,974 households in the county, of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 30.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[15]

There were 47,306 housing units, of which 11.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.1% were owner-occupied and 28.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.1%.[15]

Racial and ethnic composition

Etowah County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[18] Pop 2010[19] Pop 2020[20] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 84,919 82,789 77,731 82.08% 79.28% 75.15%
Black or African American alone (NH) 15,120 15,716 14,999 14.61% 15.05% 14.50%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 329 372 332 0.32% 0.36% 0.32%
Asian alone (NH) 428 657 921 0.41% 0.63% 0.89%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 27 30 39 0.03% 0.03% 0.04%
Other race alone (NH) 47 87 260 0.05% 0.08% 0.25%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 826 1,332 4,259 0.80% 1.28% 4.12%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 1,763 3,447 4,895 1.70% 3.30% 4.73%
Total 103,459 104,430 103,436 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

At the 2010 census there were 104,430 people, 42,036 households, and 28,708 families living in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 47,454 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 80.3% White, 15.1% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. 3.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[21] Of the 42,036 households 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.1% of households were one person and 11.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.

The age distribution was 23.0% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% 65 or older. The median age was 40.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.

The median household income was $36,422 and the median family income was $44,706. Males had a median income of $39,814 versus $30,220 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,439. About 13.1% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 103,459 people, 41,615 households, and 29,463 families living in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 45,959 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 82.9% White, 14.7% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. 1.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[22] Of the 41,615 households 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 26.3% of households were one person and 12.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.93.

The age distribution was 23.8% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.90 males.

The median household income was $31,170 and the median family income was $38,697. Males had a median income of $31,610 versus $21,346 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,783. About 12.3% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.6% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Etowah County is reliably Republican at the presidential level. The last Democrat to win the county in a presidential election is Bill Clinton, who won it by a plurality in 1996. Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

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Unincorporated communities

Former city

See also

References

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ "Alabama Census Year with Modern Map Overlayed," Maps of Alabama, Map of US.org, (https://www.mapofus.org/alabama/ Template:Webarchive: accessed February 15, 2017), Wordpress.com, 2017.>Interactive> 1860 & 1870
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  8. ↑ William Thornton, "Why the story of a 1906 Alabama lynching won't be forgotten", AL.com, December 11, 2016; accessed April 13, 2018
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External links

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