Glypican 1
Template:Short description Template:Infobox gene Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPC1 gene.[1][2] GPC1 is encoded by human GPC1 gene located at 2q37.3.[3] GPC1 contains 558 amino acids with three predicted heparan sulfate chains.[3]
Function
Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with three heparan sulfate chains.[3] Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation.[2]
Interactions
Glypican 1 has been shown to interact with SLIT2.[4]
Clinical significance
This protein is involved in the misfolding of normal prion proteins in the cell membrane to the infectious prion form.[5]
In 2015 it was reported that the presence of this protein in exosomes in patients' blood is able to detect early pancreatic cancer with absolute specificity and sensitivity.[6] However this conclusion is disputed.[7] and in more recent overviews of potential markers for pancreatic cancer, Glypican 1 is not mentioned.[8][9]
Therapeutic antibodies against GPC1 have been developed.[10][11][12][13] GPC1 has been evaluated as a potential target for cancer therapy,[3] including antibody-drug conjugates,[14] CAR-T cell therapy,[12][11][13] radiotherapy,[15] bispecific T cell engager[16] and immunotoxins[10] in preclinical studies. HM2 is a mouse monoclonal antibody targeting the C-terminal end of GPC1 developed by the laboratory of Mitchell Ho at the NCI, NIH (Bethesda, US).[13] The Ho lab also produced a dromedary camel VHH nanobody called D4 specific for GPC1.[13]The D4 VHH nanobody-based CAR-T cells[13] and immunotoxins[10] were active against pancreatic cancer in mice. Miltuximab, a chimeric antibody against GPC1, was tested in radioimmunotherapy models of prostate cancer.[17]
See also
References
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- ↑ Discussions at www.pubpeer.com; https://pubpeer.com/publications/70714D8ACB8F13164A2752B4335F38#fb119888
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Further reading
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