Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "For". Template:Expand Russian Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Buxhoevden (Template:Langx; other spellings: Feodor Buxhoeveden, Buxhœwden, Buxhöwden; September 14, 1750 – August 23, 1811) was a Russian general of the infantry and government official. Buxhoeveden commanded the Russian armies during the Finnish War.[1]
Family
The Buxhoevedens, a Baltic German family from Estonia, traced their roots to Bexhövede in Lower Saxony.
Buxhoevden's wife, countess Natalia Alexeyeva, was the illegitimate daughter of Grigory Orlov (1734–1783) by a lady of the court, but her mother – contrary to some claims – was not the Empress Catherine, but a member of the Apraksin family. Buxhoeveden's granddaughter Varvara Nelidova was a mistress of Nicholas I of Russia (1796–1855) for 17 years (1832–1855).
Career
In 1805 Buxhoevden took part in the Battle of Austerlitz as a commander, contributing to the Third Coalition's failure to defeat Napoleon by being drunk during the battle.[2] In 1808 he served as Commander-in-Chief in the Russian conquest of Finland, and led Russian troops during the initial battles of the Finnish War (1808-1809).
Estates
Buxhoevden received the castle and lands of Koluvere in western Estonia after Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel had died there in 1788 in suspicious circumstances. He also owned the villa and manor of Ligovo near Saint Petersburg.
Awards
Russian Empire awards:
- Order of Saint George, 4th Degree (26 November 1774)
- Order of Saint George, 3rd Degree (22 August 1789)
- Order of Saint Anna (8 September 1790)
- Cross "For the Capture of Praga" (1794)
- Golden Weapon for Bravery with diamonds (1794)
- Order of Saint Vladimir, 2nd Class (1794)
- Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky (15 February 1797)
- Order of Saint Vladimir, 1st Degree (1806)
- Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (17 September 1807), diamond badges added in 1808
- Order of Saint George, 2nd Degree (27 April 1808)
Foreign state awards:
- Order of the White Eagle, 1795 from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1795, from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Order of the Black Eagle, from Kingdom of Prussia
- Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, from Kingdom of Prussia
See also
- Albert of Buxhoeveden (c. 1165–1229) - an earlier member of the family
References
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- ↑ Template:BLF
- ↑ Todd Fisher & Gregory Fremont-Barnes, The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. p. 52
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External links
Template:Governors-General of Baltic Provinces Template:Governors of Saint Petersburg
- Pages with script errors
- 1750 births
- 1811 deaths
- People from Muhu Parish
- People from Kreis Ösel
- Buxhoeveden family
- Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
- Imperial Russian Army generals
- 18th-century Estonian people
- 19th-century Estonian people
- Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
- Russian military personnel of the Finnish War
- Russian people of the Kościuszko Uprising
- Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
- Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
- Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
- Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
- Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class
- Recipients of the Order of St. Anna
- Governors-general of Saint Petersburg