Fredericksburg, Texas

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Fredericksburg (Template:Langx) is a city in and the county seat of Gillespie County, Texas, United States.[1] As of the 2020 Census, this city had a population of 10,875.[2]

Fredericksburg was founded in 1846 and named after Prince Frederick of Prussia. Old-time German residents often referred to Fredericksburg as Fritztown, a nickname that is still used in some businesses.[3] It is located 70 miles northwest of San Antonio, and approximately 80 miles west of Austin. This city is also notable as the center of Texas German, a dialect spoken by the first generations of German settlers who initially refused to learn English. Fredericksburg shares many cultural characteristics with New Braunfels, which had been established by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels the previous year. Fredericksburg is the birthplace of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. It is the sister city of Montabaur, Germany.[4] On October 14, 1970, the Fredericksburg Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas.[5]

History

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Geography

Fredericksburg is located east of the center of Gillespie County Script error: No such module "convert". north of San Antonio and Script error: No such module "convert". west of Austin.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert"., or 0.55%, is covered by water.[6]

Enchanted Rock

Enchanted Rock is a geographical landmark Script error: No such module "convert". north of Fredericksburg in Llano County. The rock is a huge, pink granite exfoliation dome that rises Script error: No such module "convert". above the surrounding land, has a summit elevation of Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level, and covers Script error: No such module "convert".. Enchanted Rock offers 8.4 mi of hiking trails, camping, picnicking, rock climbing, and other outdoor activities. It is one of the largest batholiths (underground rock formation uncovered by erosion) in the United States, and was declared a National Natural Landmark in 1970. In 1994, the State of Texas opened it as Enchanted Rock State Natural Area after adding facilities. The same year, Enchanted Rock was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[7][8]

Balanced Rock

File:Balanced Rock, Gillespie County, Texas.jpg
Balanced Rock, date unknown

Balanced Rock was a famous local landmark that perched atop Bear Mountain Script error: No such module "convert". north of Fredericksburg.[9] The natural wonder stone pillar, precariously balanced on its small tip.[10] It fell prey to vandals, who dynamited it off its base in April 1986.[11][12]

Cross Mountain

File:Cross mountain over fredericksburg.png
Cross Mountain overlooking Fredericksburg in 2020

The first known record of Cross Mountain (elevation Script error: No such module "convert".) was in 1847 by Ferdinand von Roemer. Native Americans used the location to signal each other about intrusions into their territory. The area was part of settler John Christian Durst's Script error: No such module "convert". allotment. Durst found a timber cross on the mountain, indicating that Spanish missionaries had once used the site. Durst named the place "Kreuzberg" or Cross Mountain. In 1849, Father George Menzel erected a new cross. In 1946, St. Mary's Catholic Church erected a metal and concrete cross. The mountain has been used both for the Easter Fires pageant and for Easter sunrise services. It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark 1976.[13]

Climate

Fredericksburg experiences a humid subtropical climate, with hot summers and generally mild winters. Average temperatures range from Script error: No such module "convert". in the summer to Script error: No such module "convert". during winter. Script error: No such module "weather box".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Architecture

The Vereins Kirche, the Pioneer Museum Complex, Pioneer Memorial Library, and other architecture.

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Churches and religion

File:St. Mary's Catholic Church July 2017 2 (Main Church).jpg
St. Mary's Catholic Church July 2017 2 (Main Church)

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File:Saint Mary Catholic Church Fredericksburg Texas by afc 240916.jpg
Interior of Saint Mary Catholic Church in Fredericksburg, Texas

Nimitz Hotel and National Museum of the Pacific War

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Railway

On January 3, 1913, the San Antonio, Fredericksburg and Northern Railway was chartered to connect Fredericksburg with the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway near Waring.[14] In 1913 a Script error: No such module "convert". long railroad tunnel was built. The cost of the tunnel sent the railroad into receivership on October 28, 1914.[15] It was sold under foreclosure on December 31, 1917, to Martin Carle who deeded the property to the Fredericksburg and Northern Railway, which had been chartered on December 26 of that year. The train operated until July 27, 1942.[16][17] Since the shutdown of the railway the tunnel has become a bat cave, hosting over 3 million Mexican free-tailed bats. In 2012 it became Old Tunnel State Park, with provides picnic and restroom facilities for visitors.[18]

Agritourism

The Fredericksburg-Stonewall area has become known as the Peach Capital of Texas [19] and Benjamin Lester Enderle is known as the Father of the Hill Country Peach Industry. He was Gillespie County Surveyor and a math and science teacher at Fredericksburg High School when he planted five peach trees and began selling the fruit in 1921. Enderle worked to develop the Hale, Burbank, Elberta, and Stark varieties. He began marketing them through the H-E-B grocery chain, and eventually had 5,000 producing peach trees on Script error: No such module "convert"..[20] Growers claim the taste[21] is due to the area having the right combination of elevation, sandy soil, and climate to produce flavorful clingstone and freestone peaches. The fruit ripens May–August, and consumers can either buy picked fruit, or pick their own.[22]

File:Main Street at Fredericksburg.JPG
Main Street at Fredericksburg, a Biergarten is along the major street.

Herb farms,[23] grape culture, lavender production, and wildflower seeds have become burgeoning businesses in Fredericksburg. Combinations of agribusiness with day spas, wedding facilities, or bed-and-breakfast accommodations are not unusual.[24]Template:Self-published inline Even a Texas Hill Country Lavender Trail has been designated.[25]

Lady Bird Johnson's passion for Texas wildflowers not only lives on in the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Austin, but also sparked a high demand for seed.[26] The Script error: No such module "convert". Wildseed Farms in Fredericksburg was founded by John R. Thomas in 1983 as a result of that high demand, and produces 88 varieties of wildflower seeds. It is the largest family-owned wildflower seed farm in the United States and host of an annual Wildflower Celebration.[19][27][28]

In 1994, the Seventy-third Texas Legislature passed H.B. No. 1425, allowing brewpub operations within Texas.[29] Fredericksburg Brewing Company began operations shortly thereafter.[30] A number of vineyards and related industries have also arisen in the post-LBJ era of Fredericksburg.[31] The designated American Viticultural Areas of Fredericksburg in the Texas Hill Country AVA and the much larger Texas Hill Country AVA both include Fredericksburg inside their boundaries.[32] Fredericksburg is a common starting point or destination for tourists visiting wineries in the Texas Hill Country.[33][34]

Education

The city of Fredericksburg is served by the Fredericksburg Independent School District. The school's teams are called the "Battlin' Billies".[35]

The first institute of higher learning in Fredericksburg was Fredericksburg College in 1876. The German Methodist Church of Fredericksburg founded the institution and offered courses in the arts, sciences, and foreign languages. Enrollment was about 150 students. W. J. R. Thoenssen was the first principal, succeeded by Charles F. Tansill. Finances caused the college to be closed in 1884. The property was sold to Fredericksburg Independent School District.[36]

For higher education, Fredericksburg is home to Texas Tech University at Fredericksburg.[37]

It also has some private schools, such as:

  • Ambleside School of Fredericksburg[38]
  • Heritage School[39]
  • St. Mary's Elementary and Junior High School

Fredericksburg has a municipally operated library adjacent to the Gillespie County Courthouse.

Friends of Gillespie County Country Schools

Headquartered in Fredericksburg, the Friends of Gillespie County Country Schools is a group of former students and members of the community, interested in preserving the traditions of the old country schools, the community clubs, and the history of Gillespie County for future generations.[40]

Hospitals

Hill Country Memorial Hospital on Highway 16 is an acute-care facility that offers medical care, preventive care, and a wellness center.[41]

Transportation

Major roads

Airport

Gillespie County Airport[42] (FAA locator T82) is located on State Highway 16 South, about Script error: No such module "convert". from downtown Fredericksburg, and features a Script error: No such module "convert". long runway and a hotel and diner. The airport was established by Hans Hannemann and Red Schroeder. Prior to 1945, the facility had been owned by the United States Army Air Corps. Transient and long-term hangar rentals are available.[43][44]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
1850754—
18701,164—
18801,085Script error: No such module "String".%
18901,532Script error: No such module "String".%
19302,416—
19403,544Script error: No such module "String".%
19503,854Script error: No such module "String".%
19604,629Script error: No such module "String".%
19705,326Script error: No such module "String".%
19806,412Script error: No such module "String".%
19906,934Script error: No such module "String".%
20008,911Script error: No such module "String".%
201010,530Script error: No such module "String".%
202010,875Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[45]

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2023 census

As of the 2023 United States census,[2] there were 11,254 people and 6,894 households. The population density was 1,177.7 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 79% White, 0% African American, 0% Native American, 0% Asian, 1% from other races, and 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19% of the population. 59% of households were occupied by their owners. 14% of the homes are worth between $200,000 to $299,999.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19% under the age of 18, 56% from 18 to 69, and 25% who were 70 years of age or older. 53% of the population is female. The Median Age is 53.6 (35.5 in Texas). 9.8% of the population are veterans.

The median household income was $57,474. 10% of the population was below the poverty line, 8% under 18 years

2000 census

As of the census[46] of 2000, 8,911 people, 3,784 households, and 2,433 families resided in the city. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. The 4,183 housing units averaged 630 per square mile (243.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.08% White, 0.27% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 5.09% from other races, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 17.00% of the population. English is spoken by 72.73% of the population, Spanish by 14.77%, and Texas German by 12.48%.[47] In terms of ancestry, 39.7% were of German, 12.5% were of Irish, 10.8% were of English, 4.9% were of American, 3.2% were of Scotch-Irish, 2.3% were of Scottish, 2.3% were of Dutch.

Of the 3,784 households, 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were not families. About 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city, the population was distributed as 20.3% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 20.8% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 30.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,276, and for a family was $43,670. Males had a median income of $25,878 versus $22,171 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,788. About 7.5% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.1% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government

The city of Fredericksburg is run under the council-manager form of government. As per the Home Rule Charter adopted May 1991,[48] the governing body of Fredericksburg consists of a mayor and four council members. Both the mayor and the council are elected in alternating years by the city at large for two-year terms with a limit of four consecutive terms.[49]

Media

Radio

AM Radio station KNAF went on the air in 1947. The original license was granted by the Federal Communications Commission to Arthur Stehling.[50] The license was transferred to Norbert Fritz and family.[51]

Newspapers

The Fredericksburg Standard was originally titled Gillespie County News and was founded in 1888. The name change happened in 1907. The paper was purchased by the Fredericksburg Publishing Company in 1915, which also published the German language newspaper Fredericksburg Wochenblatt. The Radio Post began publishing in 1922 and was purchased in 1984 by the Fredericksburg Publishing Company. The two newspapers merged into the Fredericksburg Standard-Radio Post.[52][53]

In popular culture

  • Film:
  • Music:
    • "Stoned" (1995) a song by Old 97's advises 'Take a Greyhound to Fredericksburg'
    • "Chester Nimitz Oriental Garden Waltz" (1988) a song by the Austin Lounge Lizards
    • Grammy-winning blues artist Johnny Nicholas runs the Hill Top Cafe on US87 near Fredericksburg in a 1930s former gas station[54]
  • Books:
    • Early 1932 saw author Robert E. Howard taking one of his frequent trips around Texas. He traveled through the southern part of the state with his main occupation being, in his own words, "the wholesale consumption of tortillas, enchiladas and cheap Spanish wine." In Fredericksburg, while overlooking sullen hills through a misty rain, he conceived of the prehistoric fantasy land of Cimmeria, the bitter hard northern region home to fearsome barbarians. In February, while in Mission, he wrote the poem Cimmeria. It was also during this trip that Howard first conceived of the character of Conan the Barbarian.[55][56]
    • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". During the Civil War, young Louisa is the youngest daughter in a German household in Fredericksburg. One brother has been killed by Confederate vigilantes James P. Waldrip and Die Haengebande, and the other brother is in a Union prison.
    • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Lawyer Beck Hardin returns to his hometown of Fredericksburg after the death of his wife, helping to solve an old crime.
  • Comedy:
    • Bill Hicks referenced Fredericksburg in the bit "Gifts of Forgiveness" which was included on his 1997 posthumously released comedy album Rant In E-Minor
  • Radio:
    • Walter de Paduwa on his Dr Boogie radio show of 11/11/2016 described (in French) his 1990s visit to Fredericksburg eating sauerkraut at 35 degrees, and seeing the Nimitz statue but summing up with the somewhat sweeping advice N'allez jamais a Fredericksburg. Il n'y a RIEN a voir a Frederiksburg (Never go to Fredericksburg. There is NOTHING to see at Fredericksburg).[57]

Notable people

Notable people of Fredericksburg, Texas
Name Birth-death Notability Ref(s)
Script error: No such module "sort". (1849–1902) Educator, founder of two Austin academies, taught summer school in Fredericksburg [58]
Script error: No such module "sort". (born 1959) Texas state legislator [59]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1840–1900) Former slave, Baptist minister that became a senator in the Texas State Legislature after emancipation [60]
Script error: No such module "sort". (born 1944) 33rd Commandant of the United States Marine Corps [61]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1880–1969) National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame thoroughbred horse trainer [62]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1826–1902) German colonist and pioneer woman, called the Betsy Ross of Texas [63]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1890–1918) All-American football player with Texas Longhorns (1911–1914), first Texan officer killed in World War I, posthumously awarded the Croix de Guerre in 1924 [64]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1908–1982) Chicago White Sox pitcher [65]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1930–2001) Pioneer of environmental economics [66]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1820–1881) Gunsmith, inventor, naturalist [67]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1823–1893) Surveyor, conscientious objector during the Civil War, and commissioner of the Texas General Land Office [68]
Script error: No such module "sort". (born 1971) 60 Minutes Correspondent [69]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1813–1891) Landscape artist and photographer, noted for first pictorial records of the Texas Hill Country [70]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1812–1897) Founding father of Fredericksburg [71]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1853–1896) First Grand President of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) [72]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1910–1960) Thoroughbred trainer in National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame [73]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1826–1911) Built the Nimitz Hotel in 1852, grandfather of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, elected to the Texas Legislature in 1890 [74]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1885–1966) Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Forces in World War II [75]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1824–1857) Painter who depicted relationships between early German settlers and local Native American tribes [76]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1887–1981) Lawyer, legislator, civic leader, and philanthropist, served in the Texas House of Representatives 1925–1941, veteran of both World War I and World War II [77]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1925–2012) Co-founder of Taco Cabana [78]
Script error: No such module "sort". (born 1978) Playboy Playmate November 2000 [79]
Script error: No such module "sort". (1858–1929) Music composer, conductor [80]

Gallery

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Yelp: Fritztown Diesel and Trick Repair Template:Webarchive Accessed: 11/28/2013
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Fredericksburg, Texas NPS Template:Webarchive Accessed: 11/28/2013
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". National Park Service
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Self-published source
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Accessed: 11/29/2013
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Texas Tech: Fredericksburg Template:Webarchive Accessed: 11/28/2013
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Historic Schools, The Friends of Gillespie Country Schools Template:Webarchive
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ AirNav Gillespie Co Airport Template:Webarchive
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Recording of the 11/11/2016 De Boogie show, with comments about Fredericksberg after 23" as part of the introduction to a Johnny Nicholas track Template:Webarchive
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".; Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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References

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Further reading

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External links

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