Fort Defiance (Ohio)
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Fort Defiance was an American military fortification built in 1794 during the Northwest Indian War in what was then the Northwest Territory. Following the Treaty of Greenville, the fort was abandoned in 1796. The site of the fort, adjacent to where the Auglaize River flows into the Maumee River, now lies within the city of Defiance, Ohio.
History
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The fort was built at the direction of Major General "Mad Anthony" Wayne in the second week of August 1794 at the confluence of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers. It was one of a line of defenses constructed by American forces in the campaign leading to the Northwest Indian War's Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794.[1]
Work began on August 9, 1794, and was completed by August 17. The name was derived from a declaration by Charles Scott, who was leading a band of Kentucky militiamen in support of Wayne, that: "I defy the English, Indians, and all the devils of hell to take it."[2] The post was considered one of the strongest fortifications built in that period.
Before and during the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Wayne ordered the destruction of all Native American villages and their crops within a Template:Convert radius of the fort. The land which originally belonged to Native Americans was ceded to the United States by the British after the American Revolutionary War. The British would later supply and influence local tribes to take up arms.[3]
Under terms of the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795, the native nations ceded Template:Convert around the fort and allowed the Americans to maintain a trading post there, even though it was within the area of land defined by the "Greenville Treaty Line", beyond which Americans had agreed not to settle. Wayne promised the land of "Indiana", the remaining land to the west, to remain Indian forever. During the treaty meeting, Wayne brought with him food supplies for the natives and made sure crops were planted again.[4] The fort was abandoned in 1796.
Later events
Fort Defiance served as a reference point for defining the boundary line of land cession in the Treaty of Detroit in 1807. This north–south line was used again as the Michigan Meridian in the survey of lands in Michigan.
Fort Winchester was constructed on a nearby site in 1812 by Gen. William Henry Harrison.[1]
The city of Defiance, Ohio, was founded at the fort's location in 1822. In 1904, the site of the fort was chosen for the Defiance Public Library.
Today, a park occupies the site of the fort, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[5]
Sources
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- Catalano, Joshua (2019). "Blue Jacket, Anthony Wayne, and the Psychological and Symbolic War for Ohio, 1790-1795". Ohio History. 126 (1): 5-34.
References
External links
- Ohio History Central Template:Webarchive
- History of Fort Defiance Template:Webarchive
- Fort Defiance in the War of 1812
- An Ohio History Travelogue Template:Webarchive
- Photos and visiting information
- Template:Gnis
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- Pages with script errors
- Pages using infobox military installation with unknown parameters
- Pages with broken file links
- Forts in Ohio
- Northwest Indian War
- 1794 establishments in the Northwest Territory
- Protected areas of Defiance County, Ohio
- National Register of Historic Places in Defiance County, Ohio
- Pre-statehood history of Ohio
- Parks in Ohio
- Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
- Defiance, Ohio
- Pages with reference errors