Fornax Cluster

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The Fornax Cluster is a cluster of galaxies lying at a distance of 19 megaparsecs (62 million light-years).[1] It has an estimated mass of Script error: No such module "val". solar masses,[2] making it the second richest galaxy cluster within 100 million light-years, after the considerably larger Virgo Cluster. It may be associated with the nearby Eridanus Group. It lies primarily in the constellation Fornax, with its southern boundaries partially crossing into the constellation of Eridanus, and covers an area of sky about 6° across or about 28 sq degrees.[3]

The Fornax Cluster is a particularly valuable source of information about the evolution of such clusters due to its relatively close proximity to the Sun. It also shows the gravitational effects of a merger of a galaxy subgroup with the main galaxy group,[4] which in turn lends clues about the associated galactic superstructure.[5] At the centre of the cluster lies NGC 1399.[1] Other cluster members include NGC 1316 (the group's brightest galaxy), NGC 1365, NGC 1427A, NGC 1427 and NGC 1404.[1]

Structure

Fornax can be divided into two subclusters: the main cluster, centered on NGC 1399, and a subgroup 3 degrees to the southwest centered on the lenticular galaxy NGC 1316 that is currently in the process of infalling with the largest subcluster to merge with it, and whose galaxies are experiencing relatively strong star formation activity. [3]

Intracluster medium

As with many other galaxy clusters, Fornax intracluster medium is filled with a hot, rarefied gas that emits X-rays.[6] and contains a number of intergalactic stars, some of which have produced novae.[7]

List of cluster members

Cluster Members
Designation Coordinates (Epoch J2000) Apparent magnitude Type Mean Angular diameter
(arcminutes) 		Diameter
(x1000 Light-years) 		Distance
(mly) 		Recessional velocity
(km/s)
Right Ascension Declination
ESO 357-07 03 10.4 −33 09 14.7 SBm 2.2Template:Prime 40 981
ESO 357-12 03 16.9 −35 32 14.8 SBcd 2.2Template:Prime 40 1445
IC 1913 03 19.6 −32 28 14.5 SBb 2.1Template:Prime 40 67 1318
NGC 1310 03 21.1 −37 06 13 SBc 1.9Template:Prime 35 64 1640
LEDA 12625 03 22.1 −37 35 ? Irr 2.9Template:Prime 55 1507
NGC 1316 03 22.7 −37 12 9.4 (R')SAB(s)0 11.5Template:Prime 215 62 1664
NGC 1317 03 22.7 −37 06 11.9 SBa 3.0Template:Prime 55 70 1935
NGC 1326 03 23.9 −36 28 11.5 S0 4.3Template:Prime 80 63 1247
NGC 1326A 03 25.1 −36 22 14.7 SBm 1.7Template:Prime 30 84 1719
NGC 1326B 03 25.3 −36 23 13.7 SBm 3.5Template:Prime 65 46 888
IC 1919 03 26.0 −32 54 13.9 E 1.6Template:Prime 30 61 1158
NGC 1336 03 26.5 −35 43 13.4 E 1.9Template:Prime 35 65 1360
NGC 1341 03 28.0 −37 09 13.3 SBab 1.6Template:Prime 30 86 1760
NGC 1339 03 28.1 −32 17 12.8 E 1.9Template:Prime 35 64 1240
NGC 1344 03 28.3 −31 04 11.2 E 5.6Template:Prime 105 60 1052
ESO 358-09 03 28.8 −35 11 14.2 SBbc 2.3Template:Prime 45 1241
ESO 358-10 03 29.7 −33 33 14.8 E 1.5Template:Prime 30 1620
NGC 1351 03 30.6 −34 51 12.4 E-S0 3.2Template:Prime 60 69 1420
NGC 1350* 03 31.1 −33 38 11.2 Sa(r) 5.8Template:Prime 130 87 1905
NGC 1365 03 33.6 −36 08 10.3 (R')SBb(s)b 11.0Template:Prime 205 56 1636
NGC 1366 03 33.9 −31 12 13.1 S0 1.9Template:Prime 35 56 1137
NGC 1374 03 35.3 −35 14 11.0 E 2.7Template:Prime 50 59 1240
NGC 1375* 03 35.3 −35 16 12.2 SB0 pec 2.1Template:Prime 23 28 643
IC 335 03 35.5 −34 27 13.4 S0 2.3Template:Prime 45 60 1530
NGC 1379 03 36.1 −35 26 11.9 E 2.6Template:Prime 50 60 1264
NGC 1380 03 36.5 −34 59 9.9 S0 4.8Template:Prime 85 60 1737
NGC 1381 03 36.5 −35 18 11.5 S0 2.6Template:Prime 55 60 1673
NGC 1369 03 36.8 −36 15 13.6 Sa 1.7Template:Prime 30 65 1340
NGC 1386 03 36.8 −36 00 11.2 (RTemplate:Prime)SA(r)0/a 3.4Template:Prime 65 53 868
NGC 1380A 03 36.8 −34 44 13.4 S0 2.5Template:Prime 45 72 1419
NGC 1387 03 37.0 −35 30 10.8 (R')SAB(s)0 3.2Template:Prime 60 53 1296
NGC 1382 03 37.1 −35 12 13.8 E 1.5Template:Prime 30 80 1697
NGC 1389 03 37.2 −35 45 12.6 E 2.6Template:Prime 50 42 883
NGC 1396 03 38.6 −35 27 13.8 E 0.7Template:Prime 7 67 853
NGC 1399 03 38.5 −35 26 9.9 E 6.8Template:Prime 130 66 1335
NGC 1404 03 38.9 −35 36 10.9 E 4.1Template:Prime 75 65 1942
NGC 1406 03 39.4 −31 19 12.9 SBbc 3.9Template:Prime 75 50 963
NGC 1427A 03 40.1 −35 38 13.4 Irr 2.1Template:Prime 40 52 2028
ESO 358-50 03 41.1 −33 47 13.9 S0 1.6Template:Prime 30 1151
ESO 358-51 03 41.5 −34 53 14.1 Sa 1.5Template:Prime 30 1626
NGC 1425 03 42.2 −29 54 11.4 SA(rs)b 6.0Template:Prime 115 69 1402
NGC 1427 03 42.3 −35 24 11.8 E 3.6Template:Prime 70 71 1327
NGC 1428 03 42.4 −35 09 14.0 E 1.5Template:Prime 30 75 1602
NGC 1437A 03 43.0 −36 16 14.2 SBd 1.7Template:Prime 30 41 798
NGC 1436 03 43.6 −35 51 11.7 SBab 2.8Template:Prime 50 58 1296
ESO 358-60 03 45.2 −35 34 15.6 Irr 1.7Template:Prime 30 710
NGC 1437B 03 45.9 −36 22 14.0 Sc 2.5Template:Prime 45 69 1415
NGC 1460 03 46.2 −36 42 13.5 SB0 1.7Template:Prime 30 63 1341
PGC 13809 03 46.3 −34 57 12.6 Sc 4.8Template:Prime 90 1838
IC 1993 03 47.1 −33 42 12.6 (R')SA(s)bc 2.5Template:Prime 45 50 1057
ESO 302-09 03 47.6 −38 35 14.6 SBd 2.2Template:Prime 40 908
ESO 302-14 03 51.7 −38 27 15.5 Irr 1.5Template:Prime 30 798
ESO 359-03 03 52.0 −33 28 14.1 Sab 1.8Template:Prime 35 1495
NGC 1484 03 54.3 −36 58 13.9 Sb 2.5Template:Prime 45 48 952
IC 2006 03 54.3 −35 58 12.5 E 1.9Template:Prime 35 65 1382
NGC 1531 04 11.2 −32 51 12.9 S0 1.3Template:Prime 15 57 1169
NGC 1532 04 12.1 −32 52 10.7 SBb 12.6Template:Prime 210 57

(*) - Membership is uncertain

Gallery

See also

References

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External links

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