Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic
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History
The Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, traces its history to the Advanced Base Force, created in the early 1900s. In the early 1920s, the Marine Corps began developing the advanced base doctrine from a defensive posture to one that included offensive amphibious operations. The units of the Advanced Base Force became the East Coast Expeditionary Force in 1921, during the reforms made to the Marine Corps structure by Commandant John Lejeune, to emphasize the more offensive nature of its potential operations.[1] As the expeditionary warfare concept developed, in December 1933 the Fleet Marine Force was established,[2] with one brigade at Quantico, Virginia, and one in San Diego, California.[3] In 1941, the Fleet Marine Force became a training command and two field commands, the Amphibious Corps, Atlantic Fleet, and Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet, were created.[4]
The Basic Post-War Plan No. 2 was issued on 22 March 1946, which divided the Marine Corps into two Fleet Marine Force components: Atlantic (FMFLANT) and Pacific (FMFPAC). The Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, was activated with the commander of the 2nd Marine Division as its acting commanding general, and under the operational control of the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, on 16 December 1946.[5] Its first headquarters was Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, before being moved to Norfolk, Virginia, in March 1947. On 13 July 1992, FMFLANT became part of Marine Corps Forces, Atlantic (MARFORLANT), which was renamed U.S. Marine Corps Forces Command (MARFORCOM) on 30 December 2005.[6]
From 1980, the commanding general of Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, was also the designated head of Fleet Marine Force, Europe,[7] which became Marine Corps Forces Europe (MARFOREUR) in 1994.[8] In the early 1990s, the post also became the designated commander of Marine Corps Forces South (MARFORSOUTH).[9] These were both "designate" headquarters, meaning they only had a minimal staff during peacetime that would become a larger full service component command only during operations.[10] Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, was nominally the commander of both. In 2008, MARFOREUR became a separate organization with its own dedicated commander,[11] and MARFORSOUTH did so in 2015.[12] From 1980 to 1997, the commanding general of FMFLANT also was the commanding general of II Marine Expeditionary Force.[7][13]
Organization
Reporting directly to the Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic (CG FMFLANT) are the Commanding General, II Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF), the Commanding General, 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB), and the Commanding Officers of three Marine Expeditionary Units (22d, 24th, 26th MEUs). The Commanding General, II MEF, exercises operational control over the 2d Marine Division, the 2d Marine Aircraft Wing, and the 2d Marine Logistics Group.
Hierarchy of Fleet Marine Force units
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Naval Support Activity
Norfolk, Virginia
File:Seal of the Commander of the United States Fleet Forces Command.svg
Marine Forces Command (MARFORCOM)
| Landing Force, Second Fleet (LF2F) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Combined Task Force 22 (CTF-22) |
File:United States Navy Second Fleet (insignia).gif | Naval Station Norfolk Norfolk, VA |
| Combined Task Force 23 (CTF-23) | ||
| II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) |
File:IIMEFLogo.jpg | MCB Camp Lejeune North Carolina, United States |
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Marine Forces, South (MARFORSOUTH)
| Landing Force, Fourth Fleet (LF4F) | ||
|---|---|---|
| U.S. Southern Command Miami, Florida | ||
| II Marine Expeditionary Force | File:IIMEFLogo.jpg | MCB Camp Lejeune North Carolina, United States |
Marine Forces, Europe (MARFOREUR)
List of commanders
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Term length | ||
| Commanding General FMFLANT[14] | ||||||
| Commanding General FMFLANT / II MEF / FMFEUR | ||||||
| Commanding General FMFLANT / II MEF / Commander MARFORLANT / MARFOREUR / MARFORSOUTH | ||||||
| Commanding General FMFLANT / Commander MARFORLANT / MARFOREUR / MARFORSOUTH | ||||||
| Commanding General FMFLANT / Commander MARFORCOM / MARFOREUR / MARFORSOUTH | ||||||
| Commanding General FMFLANT / Commander MARFORCOM / MARFORSOUTH | ||||||
| Commanding General FMFLANT / Commander MARFORCOM | ||||||
History
See also
- Fleet Marine Force, Pacific (FMFPAC)
- Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC)
- Marine Corps Forces Command (MARCORCOM) [formerly Marine Corps Forces, Atlantic (MARFORLANT)]
References
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- ↑ Emmel, David C. (11 June 2010). The Development of Amphibious Doctrine. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College – p. 33. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ↑ Swanson, Claude A. (7 December 1933). The Fleet Marine Force. Marine Corps University. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ↑ Heinl, R.D., Jr. (November 1947). The U. S. Marine Corps: Author of Modern Amphibious War. Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute, Vol. 73/11/537.
- ↑ Garand, George W.; Strobridge, Truman R. (1971). Western Pacific Operations: History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II (Volume IV). Marine Corps History Division – pp. 19–23. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ↑ Tyson, Carolyn A. (1965). A Chronology of the United States Marine Corps 1935-1946. Marine Corps History Division. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ↑ MARINE CORPS FORCES COMMAND. Marine Corps University. Published 6 June 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Marine Corps Forces, Europe.
- ↑ Marines. Division of Public Affairs, Headquarters Marine Corps – p. 11. Published January 1995.
- ↑ History. U.S. Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Major General Cornell A. Wilson. U.S. Marines. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Hodge Seck, Hope (30 June 2015). 1-star becomes first dedicated commander of Marine Forces South. Military Times. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Former Commanders (archived). U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Atlantic. Published 25 June 2001. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
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External links
- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1989/SJH.htm
- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1995/MJS.htm
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