Flag carrier

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File:Emirates Boeing 777 A6-ECS Perth 2021 (01).jpg
A Boeing 777-300ER of Emirates, the flag carrier of United Arab Emirates

A flag carrier is a transport company, such as an airline or shipping company, that, being locally registered in a given sovereign state, enjoys preferential rights or privileges accorded by that government for international operations.

Historically, the term was used to refer to airlines owned by the government of their home country and associated with the national identity of that country.[1] Such an airline may also be known as a national airline or a national carrier, although this can have different legal meanings in some countries. Today, it is any international airline with a strong connection to its home country or that represents its home country internationally, regardless of whether it is government-owned.[2][3]

Flag carriers may also be known as such due to laws requiring aircraft or ships to display the state flag of the country of their registry.[4] For example, under the law of the United States, a U.S. flag air carrier is any airline that holds a certificate under Section 401 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (i.e., any U.S.-based airline operating internationally),[5] and any ship registered in the United States is known as a U.S. flag vessel.[6]

Background

File:4X-ACA - Ekron Air Base ca 27-09-1948.jpg
A Douglas DC-4 owned and operated by El Al, the flag carrier of Israel, in 1948

The term "flag carrier" is a legacy of the early days of commercial aviation when governments often took the lead by establishing state-owned airlines because of the high capital costs of running them. However, not all such airlines were government-owned; Pan Am, TWA, Cathay Pacific, Union de Transports Aériens, Canadian Pacific Air Lines and Olympic Airlines were all privately owned, but were considered to be flag carriers[7] as they were the "main national airline"[8] and often a sign of their country's presence abroad.[9][10]

The heavily regulated aviation industry also meant aviation rights are often negotiated between governments, denying airlines access to an open market. These Bilateral Air Transport Agreements similar to the Bermuda I and Bermuda II agreements specify rights awardable only to locally registered airlines, forcing some governments to jump-start airlines to avoid being disadvantaged in the face of foreign competition. Some countries also establish flag carriers such as Israel's El Al[11] or Lebanon's Middle East Airlines[12] for nationalist reasons or to aid the country's economy, particularly in the area of tourism.[13]

In many cases, governments would directly assist in the growth of their flag carriers typically through subsidies and other fiscal incentives. The establishment of competitors in the form of other locally registered airlines may be prohibited or heavily regulated to avoid direct competition.[14] Even where privately run airlines may be allowed to be established, the flag carriers may still be accorded priority, especially in the apportionment of aviation rights to local or international markets.[15]

Near the end of the twentieth century, many of these airlines have been corporatized as a public company or a state-owned enterprise, while others have been completely privatized.[16] The aviation industry has also been gradually deregulated and liberalized,[17] permitting greater freedoms of the air particularly in the United States and in the European Union with the signing of the Open Skies agreement.[18] One of the features of such agreements is the right of a country to designate multiple airlines to serve international routes with the result that there is no single "flag carrier".[19]

List of flag-carrying airlines

The chart below lists airlines considered to be a "flag carrier", based on current or former state ownership or other verifiable designation as a national airline.

Country or Region Airline Details of current state ownership Details of former state ownership
Script error: No such module "flag". Ariana Afghan Airlines[20] State-owned[21]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Algérie[22] State-owned[23]
Script error: No such module "flag". TAAG Angola Airlines[24] Majority[25]
Script error: No such module "flag". Aerolíneas Argentinas[26] State-owned[26]
Script error: No such module "flag". Aruba Airlines[27] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Qantas[28] None State-owned until 1992.[29]
Script error: No such module "flag". Austrian Airlines[30] None – owned by Lufthansa State-owned until 5 December 2008.[31]
Script error: No such module "flag". Azerbaijan Airlines[32] State-owned[33]
Script error: No such module "flag". Bahamasair[34] State-owned[35]
Script error: No such module "flag". Gulf Air[36] State-owned[37]
Script error: No such module "flag". Biman Bangladesh Airlines[38] Public limited company State-owned until 23 July 2007.
Script error: No such module "flag". Belavia[39] State-owned[40]
Script error: No such module "flag". Brussels Airlines[41] None – owned by Lufthansa[42] State-owned in its original incarnation (SN Brussels Airlines).
Script error: No such module "flag". BermudAir[43] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Druk Air[44] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Boliviana de Aviación[45] State-owned[46]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Botswana[47] State-owned[47]
Script error: No such module "flag". Royal Brunei Airlines[48] State-owned[48]
Script error: No such module "flag". Bulgaria Air[49] Minority state-owned (0.01%)[50]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Burkina State-owned[51]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Cambodia[52] Majority[53]
Script error: No such module "flag". Camair-Co[54] State-owned[55]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Canada[56] None State-owned until privatization in 1989.[57] Minority (est. 6.4%) between April 2021 and December 2024.[58][59]
Script error: No such module "flag". Cabo Verde Airlines[60] Majority (90%)[61]
Script error: No such module "flag". Cayman Airways State-owned[62]
Script error: No such module "flag". LATAM Chile[63][64] None State-owned until September 1989.[65]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air China[66] Majority (51.7%): 40.98% through CNAHC and 10.72% through CNACG[67]Template:Rp State-owned until 2004.[68]
Script error: No such module "flag". Avianca[69] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Avianca Costa Rica[70]
Script error: No such module "flag". Croatia Airlines[71] Majority (98%)[72]
Script error: No such module "flag". Cubana de Aviación[73] State-owned[74]
Script error: No such module "flag". Cyprus Airways[75] None – 40% owned by Malta-based SJC Group[76]
Template:No wrap Congo Airways[77] State-owned[77]
Script error: No such module "flag". Scandinavian Airlines Minority (~26%) state-owned by Ministry of Finance of Denmark[78] SAS was partly owned by the governments of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. SAS is the flag carrier for all three nations.[79][80][81]
Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Djibouti[82] Joint venture
Script error: No such module "flag". Arajet[83] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Egyptair[84] State-owned[85]
Script error: No such module "flag". CEIBA Intercontinental[86] State-owned[87]
Script error: No such module "flag". Eritrean AirlinesScript error: No such module "Unsubst". State-owned
Script error: No such module "flag". Eswatini Air[88]
Script error: No such module "flag". Ethiopian Airlines[89] State-owned[90]
Script error: No such module "flag". Atlantic Airways[91]
Script error: No such module "flag". Fiji Airways[92] Majority (51%)[93]
Script error: No such module "flag". Finnair[94] Majority (55.8%)[95]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air France[96] Minority state-ownership of Air France–KLM[97][98]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Tahiti Nui[99] Majority[100]
Script error: No such module "flag". Georgian AirwaysScript error: No such module "Unsubst". None
Script error: No such module "flag". Lufthansa[101] None State-owned until 1994;[102] remaining government shares were sold in 1997.[103]Template:PbMinority (20.05%) in the Lufthansa Group acquired in 2020[104][105] was sold in 2022.[106]
Script error: No such module "flag". Aegean Airlines[107] The Greek Government had minority shares of the airline due to a COVID bailout. The airline bought back government shares in 2023[108]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Greenland[109] State-owned[110] Previously owned by Scandinavian Airlines and Ministry of Finance of Denmark.[111]
Template:Country data Bailiwick of Guernsey Aurigny[112] State-owned[113]
Script error: No such module "flag". Cathay Pacific[114] Minority (~29.98% through Air China)[115] Hong Kong Government owned 6.8% of shares from 2020[116] to 2024.[117]
Script error: No such module "flag". Icelandair[118] None – owned by Icelandair Group[119]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air India[120] None – owned by Tata Group (74.9%) and Singapore Airlines (25.1%)[121] State-owned until November 2021.[120][122][123]
Script error: No such module "flag". Garuda Indonesia[124] Majority (60.54%)[125]
Script error: No such module "flag". Iran Air[126] State-owned[127]
Script error: No such module "flag". Iraqi Airways[128]
Script error: No such module "flag". Aer Lingus[129][130] None – owned by IAG State-owned until September 2006.[131]
Script error: No such module "flag". El Al[132] Minority (~1.1%)[133] State-owned until June 2004.
Script error: No such module "flag". ITA Airways[134] Majority (59%) Succeeded Alitalia starting from 15 October 2021[135][136][137][138]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Côte d'Ivoire[139] State-owned[140]
Script error: No such module "flag". Caribbean Airlines[141][142][143] Minority (16%)[144][145][146]
Script error: No such module "flag". Majority (84%)[147]
Script error: No such module "flag". Japan Airlines[148] None State-owned until 1987.[149][150]
All Nippon Airways[151][152] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Royal Jordanian[153]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Astana[154] Majority (51%)[155]
Script error: No such module "flag". Kenya Airways[156] Minority (29.8%)[157]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Kiribati[158]
Script error: No such module "flag". Kuwait Airways[159] State-owned[160]
Script error: No such module "flag". Asman Airlines[161] State-owned
Script error: No such module "flag". Lao Airlines[162] State-owned[163]
Script error: No such module "flag". airBaltic[164] Majority (80.05%)[165]
Script error: No such module "flag". Middle East Airlines[166] Majority (99%)[166]
Script error: No such module "flag". Afriqiyah Airways[167] State-owned[168]
Libyan Airlines[169] State-owned[168]
Script error: No such module "flag". Luxair[170] Majority (73.86%)[171]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Macau[172] Minority (5%)
Script error: No such module "flag". Madagascar Airlines[173] Majority
Script error: No such module "flag". Malawian Airlines[174] Majority (51%)[174]
Script error: No such module "flag". Malaysia Airlines[175] State-owned through Khazanah Nasional[176]
Script error: No such module "flag". Maldivian
Script error: No such module "flag". KM Malta Airlines[177] Majority
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Marshall Islands[178]
Script error: No such module "flag". Mauritania Airlines[179] State-owned[180]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Mauritius[181]  
Script error: No such module "flag". Aeroméxico[182] None State-owned until 2007.
Script error: No such module "flag". MIAT Mongolian Airlines[183] State-owned[184]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Montenegro[185] State-owned[186]
Script error: No such module "flag". Royal Air Maroc[187] State-owned[188]
Script error: No such module "flag". LAM Mozambique Airlines[189] State-owned[190]
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Myanmar National Airlines[191] State-owned[192]
Script error: No such module "flag". Nauru Airlines[193] State-owned[193]
Script error: No such module "flag". Nepal Airlines[194] State-owned
Script error: No such module "flag". KLM[195] Minority state-ownership of Air France–KLM[97][196]
File:Flags of New Caledonia.svg New Caledonia Aircalin Majority (99%)[197]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air New Zealand[198] Majority (53%)[199] State-owned until 1989, partially re-nationalized in 2001.[200][201][202]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Koryo[203] State-owned[204]
Script error: No such module "flag". Oman Air[205] Majority[206]
Script error: No such module "flag". Pakistan International Airlines[207] State-owned[208]
Script error: No such module "flag". Copa Airlines[209] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Niugini[210]
Script error: No such module "flag". LATAM Paraguay[211]
Script error: No such module "flag". LATAM Perú[212]
Script error: No such module "flag". Philippine Airlines[213] State-owned until 1992.[214][215]
Script error: No such module "flag". LOT Polish Airlines[216] State-owned[217]
Script error: No such module "flag". TAP Air Portugal[218] Majority (72%)[219]
Script error: No such module "flag". Qatar Airways[220] State-owned
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Austral[221]
Script error: No such module "flag". TAROM[222] Majority (97.22%)[222]
Script error: No such module "flag". Aeroflot[223] Majority (51%)[224]
Script error: No such module "flag". RwandAir[225] State-owned[226]
Script error: No such module "flag". Samoa Airways[227] State-owned[228]
Script error: No such module "flag". STP Airways[229] None
Script error: No such module "flag". Saudia[230] Majority
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Senegal[231]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Serbia[232] Majority (51%)[233]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Seychelles[234] State-owned (100%)[235]
Script error: No such module "flag". Solomon Airlines[236] State-owned[237]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Sierra Leone[238]
Script error: No such module "flag". Singapore Airlines[239] Majority (54.5% through Temasek Holdings)[240]
Script error: No such module "flag". South African Airways[241] State-owned[242]
Script error: No such module "flag". Korean Air[243] None[244] – owned by Hanjin[245] State-owned until 1969.[246][247][248]
Script error: No such module "flag". Iberia[249] None – owned by IAG
Script error: No such module "flag". SriLankan Airlines[250] State-owned[251]
Script error: No such module "flag". Sudan Airways State-owned[252]
Script error: No such module "flag". Surinam Airways[253] State-owned[254]
Script error: No such module "flag". Swiss International Air Lines[255] None – owned by Lufthansa[256]
Script error: No such module "flag". Syrian Air[257] State-owned
Script error: No such module "flag". China Airlines[258] Majority[259] State-owned until 1991. 51.28% held by non-profit Civic Aviation Development Foundation.[260]
Script error: No such module "flag". Aero Dili[261]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Tanzania State-owned
Script error: No such module "flag". Thai Airways International[262] Minority (47.86%)[263]
Script error: No such module "flag". Tunisair[264] Majority[264]
Script error: No such module "flag". Turkish Airlines[265] Minority (49%)
Script error: No such module "flag". Turkmenistan Airlines[266] State-owned[267]
Script error: No such module "flag". Uganda Airlines[268]
Script error: No such module "flag". Ukraine International Airlines[269]  
Script error: No such module "flag". Etihad Airways[270] State-owned by the Government of Abu Dhabi[271][272]
Emirates[273] State-owned by the Government of Dubai through the ICD.[274]
Script error: No such module "flag". British Airways[275] None – owned by IAG State-owned until 1987.[276]
Script error: No such module "flag". Uzbekistan Airways[277] Majority
Script error: No such module "flag". Conviasa[278]
Script error: No such module "flag". Vietnam Airlines[279] Majority (86.2%)[279]
Script error: No such module "flag". Yemenia[280] Majority
Script error: No such module "flag". Zambia Airways[281]
Script error: No such module "flag". Air Zimbabwe[282] State-owned[282]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  26. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Air China Transfers Ownership from State-owned to Shareholding. Beijing:Sino-Cast, 7 October 2004, reprinted in Highbeam Business. Retrieved on 1 July 2011. Template:Webarchive
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/147622-kyrgyzstans-asman-airlines-eyes-a3201s-for-european-routes#:~:text=Manas%20International%20Airport%20(operator%20of,for%20the%20Central%20Asian%20country.
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  226. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  227. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  228. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  236. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  239. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  240. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  241. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  257. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  258. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  259. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  260. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  261. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  262. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  263. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  264. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  265. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  266. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  267. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  268. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  269. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  270. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  271. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  272. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  273. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  274. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  275. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  276. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  277. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  278. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  279. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". 
  280. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  281. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

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