Filipp Makharadze
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Life
Born in the village of Shemokmedi (Guria, Georgia),[1] Makharadze studied at the Theological Seminary in Tbilisi and later graduated from the Veterinary Institute of Warsaw (Poland).[2]
He joined the Social Democratic movement in 1891 and participated in activities in Georgia and Azerbaijan. In 1903, he joined the Caucasian Joint Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and played an active role in the 1905 Revolution in the Caucasus; he was allegedly involved in the assassination of the prominent Georgian public figure Ilia Chavchavadze in 1907.
In 1907–1915, he led various Bolshevik groups in Transcaucasia and, after the February Revolution, he co-founded the Tbilisi Soviet of Workers' Deputies. In April 1917, he was elected as a delegate to the 7th RSDRP(B) Conference and served in the Bolshevik Caucasian Region Committee. In 1919–1920, he led Bolshevik groups resisting the Menshevik government of independent Georgia. After the Soviet takeover of Georgia, he became chairman of the Georgian Revolutionary Committee in February 1921 and then directed the Georgian Central Executive Committee. In 1922, Makharadze was involved in the Georgian Affair alongside Polikarp Mdivani and others; their group opposed Sergo Ordzhonikidze's designs with respect to Georgia.
Over the next decade, Makharadze headed the Transcaucasian SFSR Gosplan, the Georgian Council of People's Commissars and the Transcaucasian SFSR Central Executive Committee. In 1938, he became the Chairman of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR and later rose to the position of deputy presidium chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet. He attended the 12th through 18th Congresses of the Communist Party and directed the Institute of Marxism–Leninism.
During his political career, Makharadze also authored a number of works, including monographs on Alexander Pushkin and Maxim Gorky, and books on the history of the Bolshevik revolutionary movement in Transcaucasia (1927), on the Soviets and the struggle for Soviet power in Georgia (1928), on the history of Georgia in the 19th century (1932), and the history of the workers' and peasants' movement in Georgia (1932).
Awards
- Order of Lenin (February 24, 1941)[3]
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic[3]
See also
References
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- Pages with script errors
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- 1868 births
- 1941 deaths
- People from Guria
- People from Kutais Governorate
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
- Old Bolsheviks
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
- First convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
- Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union) politicians
- Heads of state of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Heads of government of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
- People's commissars and ministers of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Revolutionaries from Georgia (country)
- Heads of state of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Signatories of the Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Recipients of the Order of Lenin