OTI Festival
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OTI Festival (Template:Langx, Template:Langx), often known simply as La OTI, was an international song competition, organised annually between 1972 and 2000 by the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI), featuring participants representing primarily Ibero-American countries. Each participating OTI member broadcaster submitted an original song primarily in Spanish or Portuguese to be performed on live television and transmitted to all OTI broadcasters via satellite.[1] It was preceded by the Festival Mundial de la Canción Latina, held in 1969 and 1970 in Mexico.
The festival was an Ibero-American spin-off of the Eurovision Song Contest. The first edition was held at the Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos auditorium in Madrid on 25 November 1972 and the last one was held on 20 May 2000 in Acapulco. Since then, it has been cancelled due to the questioning of the voting system of the latter contests, the lack of sponsors, the low quality of the entrants and the withdrawal of some of the most iconic countries such as Brazil, Colombia and Spain. Twenty-seven countries have participated at least once in the festival, with Chile, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela participating in all twenty-eight editions.
The main goal of the festival was to generate a process of cultural and artistic fellowship between the Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries. Although it was not as successful as the Eurovision Song Contest, it is its longest running and most successful spin-off to date, leaving a great mark in Latin America by giving many famous artists and hit songs.
Background
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Participation
The broadcasters that were eligible to participate in the OTI Festival needed to be active members of the Ibero-American Television Organisation. These active members were from countries which belonged to the Organization of Ibero-American States.
The participating countries were Spanish or Portuguese speaking countries, have large communities of Spanish or Portuguese speakers within their territory, such as the United States, or have lingual or cultural ties with Latin American countries, as happened with the Netherlands Antilles. The entrant songs were performed primarily in Spanish or Portuguese and were accompanied on stage by a full orchestra.
Both state financed and private broadcasters were able to join OTI as full members and in some cases different broadcasters collaborated during the airing of the event, as did the Venezuelan broadcasters Venevisión and RCTV.
History
The OTI Festival was held for first time on 25 November 1972 at the Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos of Madrid. Thirteen countries took part in the first edition of the event. Spain, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, Portugal, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Argentina, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico were the debuting countries.[2]
After the first edition, the rest of the Ibero-American countries progressively started taking part in the event. The festival expanded even further away from the traditional Ibero-American sphere, to the point that even the United States and the Netherlands Antilles took part in the event. In 1992 the festival reached its record of twenty-five participating countries.
Mexico and Spain were the most successful countries in the history of the competition with six victories each while Argentina won the contest four times. Brazil was the fourth most successful country with three victories.
Hosting
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The location of the festival was decided following various criteria. Initially, the winning country would organize and celebrate the contest the following year, but after the victory of Nicaragua in 1977, the country could not host the contest due to the Nicaraguan Revolution. In those years, many participating countries suffered from political and economical instability. For that reason, from that year on, the host city was decided by a bid process organized by OTI.
Spain and Mexico were the countries that hosted the contest the most, with six editions each one. In total, thirteen countries hosted the festival, out of the twenty-five that ever participated.
Editions
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| Year | Date of Final | City | Venue | Presenter(s) | Host broadcaster | Orchestra | Facts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | 25 November 1972 | Template:Flagicon Madrid | Palacio de Congresos y Exposiciones | Template:Hlist | TVE | RTVE Light Music Orchestra | The first time some countries broadcast in color |
| 1973 | 10 November 1973 | Template:Flagicon Belo Horizonte | Template:Ill | Template:Hlist | Rede Tupi | Rede Tupi Symphonic Orchestra | The first time the OTI Festival was held in Portuguese |
| 1974 | 26 October 1974 | Template:Flagicon Acapulco | Template:Ill | Template:Hlist | Televisa | Acapulco Philharmonic Orchestra | |
| 1975 | 15 November 1975 | Template:Flagicon San Juan | Telemundo Studio 2 | Template:Hlist | Telemundo | Telemundo Symphonic Orchestra | The festival was held inside a television studio instead of the usual theater/auditorium |
| 1976 | 30 October 1976 | Template:Flagicon Acapulco | Teatro Juan Ruiz de Alarcón | Template:Hlist | Televisa | Acapulco Philharmonic Orchestra | First time a country held the festival twice, with the same venue being used. |
| 1977 | 12 November 1977 | Template:Flagicon Madrid | Centro Cultural de la Villa de Madrid | Template:Hlist | RTVE | RTVE Light Music Orchestra | The only time a Central American country won; Nicaragua |
| 1978 | 2 December 1978 | Template:Flagicon Santiago | Teatro Municipal | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | Philharmonic Orchestra of Santiago | First time the festival was not hosted by the winner as Nicaragua was in war |
| 1979 | 8 December 1979 | Template:Flagicon Caracas | Template:Ill | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | § | |
| 1980 | 15 November 1980 | Template:Flagicon Buenos Aires | Teatro General San Martín | Template:Hlist | Canal 7 ATC | Undisclosed | |
| 1981 | 5 December 1981 | Template:Flagicon Mexico City | Auditorio Nacional | Raúl Velasco | Televisa | ||
| 1982 | 27 November 1982 | Template:Flagicon Lima | Coliseo Amauta | Template:Hlist | Panamericana Televisión | First time a computerized voting board was used, which was done before the Eurovision transitioned into the computer board in 1988. | |
| 1983 | 29 October 1983 | Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. | DAR Constitution Hall | Template:Hlist | SIN | The first time that the voting of a winner was privat | |
| 1984 | 10 November 1984 | Template:Flagicon Mexico City | Auditorio Nacional | Raúl Velasco | Televisa | ||
| 1985 | 21 September 1985 | Template:Flagicon Seville | Teatro Lope de Vega | Template:Hlist | TVE | ||
| 1986 | 15 November 1986 | Template:Flagicon Santiago | Teatro Municipal | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | The event had to be delayed for sometime due to a terrorist attack that happened inside the theater | |
| 1987 | 24 October 1987 | Template:Flagicon Lisbon | Teatro São Luiz | Template:Hlist | RTP | Second time that the Festival was hosted in Portuguese instead of Spanish | |
| 1988 | 19 November 1988 | Template:Flagicon Buenos Aires | Teatro Nacional Cervantes | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | The last Festival to have a public voting system and board.
One of the only times a host country won the Festival, with Argentina successfully beating Paraguay in Buenos Aires. | |
| 1989 | 18 November 1989 | Template:Flagicon Miami | Knight International Center | Template:Hlist | Univision | The first time a country hosted the festival for consecutive years (two) | |
| 1990 | 1 December 1990 | Template:Flagicon Las Vegas | Caesars Palace | Template:Hlist | |||
| 1991 | 14 December 1991 | Template:Flagicon Acapulco | Centro de Convenciones | Raúl Velasco | Televisa | The last time Raúl Velasco hosted the Festival, hosting a total of 4 contests before retiring. | |
| 1992 | 5 December 1992 | Template:Flagicon Valencia | Teatro Principal | Template:Hlist | TVE | Second time a country hosted the festival for consecutive years (three) | |
| 1993 | 9 October 1993 | Template:Hlist | |||||
| 1994 | 15 October 1994 | Template:Hlist | |||||
| 1995 | 11 November 1995 | Template:Flagicon San Bernardino | Template:Ill | Template:Hlist | Canal 13 | Held for the first time in an outdoor venue, it was the contest with the largest audience inside a venue, with almost 20,000 spectators. | |
| 1996 | 14 December 1996 | Template:Flagicon Quito | Teatro Nacional | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | ||
| 1997 | 25 October 1997 | Template:Flagicon Lima | Plaza Mayor | Template:Hlist | América Televisión | The second time the festival was held in an outdoor venue | |
| 1998 | 14 November 1998 | Template:Flagicon San José | Teatro Nacional | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | ||
| 1999 | 20 November 1999 | Template:Flagicon Veracruz | X | X | Televisa | Festival cancelled due to floods in the host city | |
| 2000 | 20 May 2000 | Template:Flagicon Acapulco | Centro de Convenciones | Template:Hlist | Televisa |
Voting system
The voting system to decide the winner of the contest changed over the years. At first, the winner was decided telephonically by five national jurors from every participating country. Each jury member voted only for their favorite song and the winner was the song which had more points at the end of the process. In 1977 the number of national jurors per country was changed to three due to an increase of participating countries and the resulting much longer show.
From 1982 on, the winner was decided by a professional room jury composed by famous music personalities. One year later, the voting system was changed in a way that the voting process was secret. Since that year, only the three most voted countries were revealed at the end of the show which often generated scandals and controversies until 1988, when a new computerized voting system instead of the old-style board, made using cards that had the votes of the juries
Winners
| Year | Country | Song | Singer(s) | Songwriter(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Template:Flagdeco Brazil | "Diálogo" | Claudia Regina & Tobías | Template:Hlist |
| 1973 | Template:Flagdeco Mexico | "Qué alegre va María" | Template:Ill | Celia Bonfil |
| 1974 | Template:Flagdeco Puerto Rico | "Hoy canto por cantar" | Nydia Caro | Template:Hlist |
| 1975 | Template:Flagdeco Mexico | "La felicidad" | Gualberto Castro | Felipe Gil |
| 1976 | Template:Flagdeco Spain | "Template:Ill" | Template:Ill | María Ostiz |
| 1977 | Template:Flagdeco Nicaragua | "Quincho Barrilete" | Guayo González | Carlos Mejía Godoy |
| 1978 | Template:Flagdeco Brazil | "El amor... cosa tan rara" | Template:Ill | Denisse de Kalafe |
| 1979 | Template:Flagdeco Argentina | "Cuenta conmigo" | Template:Ill | Template:Hlist |
| 1980 | Template:Flagdeco Puerto Rico | "Contigo, mujer" | Rafael José | Ednita Nazario |
| 1981 | Template:Flagdeco Spain | "Latino" | Template:Ill | Template:Hlist |
| 1982 | Template:Flagdeco Venezuela | "Puedes contar conmigo" | Template:Ill | Template:Hlist |
| 1983 | Template:Flagdeco Brazil | "Estrela de papel" | Jessé | Template:Hlist |
| 1984 | Template:Flagdeco Chile | "Agualuna" | Fernando Ubiergo | Fernando Ubiergo |
| 1985 | Template:Flagdeco Mexico | "El fandango aquí" | Eugenia León | Template:Ill |
| 1986 | Template:Flagdeco United States | "Todos" | Damaris Carbaugh, Template:Ill & Eduardo Fabiani | Vilma Planas |
| 1987 | Template:Flagdeco Venezuela | "La felicidad está en un rincón de tu corazón" | Alfredo Alejandro | Template:Hlist |
| 1988 | Template:Flagdeco Argentina | "Todavía eres mi mujer" | Template:Ill | Carlos Castellón |
| 1989 | Template:Flagdeco Mexico | "Una canción no es suficiente" | Analí | Jesús Monarrez |
| 1990 | Template:Flagdeco Mexico | "Un bolero" | Carlos Cuevas | Template:Hlist |
| 1991 | Template:Flagdeco Argentina | "Adónde estás ahora" | Claudia Brant | Template:Hlist |
| 1992 | Template:Flagdeco Spain | "A dónde voy sin ti" | Francisco | Template:Ill |
| 1993 | Template:Flagdeco Spain | "Enamorarse" | Template:Ill | Alejandro Abad |
| 1994 | Template:Flagdeco Argentina | "Canción despareja" | Claudia Carenzio | Pocho Lapouble |
| 1995 | Template:Flagdeco Spain | "Eres mi debilidad" | Marcos Llunas | Alejandro Abad |
| 1996 | Template:Flagdeco Spain | "Mis manos" | Anabel Russ | Template:Hlist |
| 1997 | Template:Flagdeco Mexico | "Se diga lo que se diga" | Iridián | Template:Hlist |
| 1998 | Template:Flagdeco Chile | "Fin de siglo: Es tiempo de inflamarse, deprimirse o transformarse" | Florcita Motuda | Florcita Motuda |
| 2000 | Template:Flagdeco United States | "Mala hierba" | Hermanas Chirino | Template:Hlist |
Spanish singer Francisco is the only artist to have won the competition twice (1981 and 1992). Spanish songwriters Alejandro Abad (1993 and 1995) and Chema Purón (1992 and 1996) won the competition twice, as did Mexican songwriters Francisco Curiel and Pedro Cárdenas (1990 and 1997).
By country
| Wins | Country | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Template:Flagdeco Spain | 1976, 1981, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996 |
| Template:Flagdeco Mexico | 1973, 1975, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1997 | |
| 4 | Template:Flagdeco Argentina | 1979, 1988, 1991, 1994 |
| 3 | Template:Flagdeco Brazil | 1972, 1978, 1983 |
| 2 | Template:Flagdeco Puerto Rico | 1974, 1980 |
| Template:Flagdeco Venezuela | 1982, 1987 | |
| Template:Flagdeco Chile | 1984, 1998 | |
| Template:Flagdeco United States | 1986, 2000 | |
| 1 | Template:Flagdeco Nicaragua | 1977 |
Legacy
Although the OTI Festival has not been celebrated since 2000, the festival is still widely remembered in many countries, especially in Mexico, where the festival was always well received by the audience, even when the popularity of the festival was declining.[4] The contest was enormously popular there thanks to the "National OTI contest", which was the national final to select the Mexican entrant for the international OTI Festival. Many famous singers such as Juan Gabriel, Luis Miguel, Lucero, or the girl band Pandora, tried to represent their country in the OTI Festival, but they didn't win the national contest.
Many popular names from Spain took part in the OTI Festival including the band Trigo Limpio, that represented the country in 1977 before representing Template:Esccnty in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980. Marcos Llunas won the OTI Festival 1995, two years before representing Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997. Betty Missiego who represented Peru in the OTI Festival 1972, represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979. Other well known Spanish OTI contestants were Marisol, Dyango, Vicky Larraz, and Camilo Sesto.
Many of the names that took part in the OTI Festival for Portugal also represented Template:Esccnty in Eurovision, such as Anabela, Paulo de Carvalho, José Cid, Dora, Dulce Pontes, Adelaide Ferreira, Simone de Oliveira, and Tonicha.
One Eurovision winner has previously participated in the OTI Festival: Dave Benton, who sang for Netherlands Antilles in 1981, won the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 for Template:Esccnty, performing the song "Everybody" with Tanel Padar and 2XL.
Return attempts
As the mark of the OTI Festival in Latin America is still big, some organisations of diverse nature have tried to revive the festival. Some Mexican artists also made public their support to a return to the screens of the OTI Festival.
In March 2011, it was announced by some online newspapers that Televisa was preparing for the relaunch of the event in two stages, the first one, was to revive the "National OTI Contest", the Mexican national final, while the second one would be to revive the international and main OTI Festival. The aim of this attempt to bring to life the festival was to give the opportunity to young performers to show their talent. The festival at the end never took place, but it was neither cancelled.[5]
In June 2016, it was announced the relaunch of OTI as a media organisation. The broadcasting union was renamed as "Organización de Telecomunicaciones de Iberoamerica" (Iberoamerican Telecommunications Organisation) the organisation evolved from being a television contents exchange platform to include members of a broader nature such as newspapers and telephone-internet companies apart from TV and radio channels. This relaunch instantaneously sparked rumors about a possible relaunch of the festival that were later denied.[6]
In 2017 it was announced the start of an organisation called "Organización de Talento Independiente" (Independent Talent Organisation) which in Spanish casually coincides with the acronym "OTI". The main goal of the organisation was to try to recreate the festival between Mexican singers and artists from the Latin community of the United States. Although the festival was not a competition between broadcasters of different participating countries, the competition was held in the Mexican city of Puerto Peñasco, Sonora.[7]
In February 2022, RTVE announced Hispavision, a song festival where Spanish-speaking Latin American countries will take part alongside Brazil and Portugal as invited nations. The project was scheduled to start in 2023 and would be held in Cartagena, Colombia.[8][9]
In 12 July 2022, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) announced its expansion of the Eurovision Song Contest brand to Latin America. The planned contest will be produced by the same producers of other Eurovision spin-offs, including the American Song Contest and the upcoming Eurovision Song Contest Canada. They have begun searching for a viable host city.[10]
Notes
References
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External links
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