Ferdinand I of Austria
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish".
Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Ferdinand I (Template:Langx 19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. He was also King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia (as Ferdinand V), King of Lombardy–Venetia and holder of other lesser titles (see grand title of the Emperor of Austria). Due to his passive but well-intentioned character, he gained the sobriquet The Benign (Template:Langx) or The Benevolent (Template:Langx, Polish: Ferdynand Dobrotliwy).[1]
Ferdinand succeeded his father Francis I upon his death on 2 March 1835. He was incapable of ruling the empire because of severe epilepsy, so his father, before he died, made a will promulgating that Ferdinand should consult his uncle Archduke Louis on all aspects of internal policy and urged him to be influenced by Prince Metternich, Austria's Foreign Minister.[2]
Following the Revolutions of 1848, Ferdinand abdicated on 2 December 1848. He was succeeded by his nephew, Franz Joseph. Following his abdication, he lived in Hradčany Palace, Prague, until his death in 1875.[3]
Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Savoy, the sixth child of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. They had no children.
Biography
Early life
Ferdinand was the eldest son of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. Possibly as a result of his parents' genetic closeness (they were double first cousins), Ferdinand had hydrocephalus, neurological problems including epilepsy, and a speech impediment. He was educated by Baron Josef Kalasanz von Erberg, and his wife Countess Josephine von Attems.[4]
Reign
Although Ferdinand has been depicted as feeble-minded and incapable of ruling, he kept a coherent and legible diary and has even been said to have had a sharp wit. However, suffering as many as twenty seizures per day severely restricted his ability to rule with any effectiveness. Though he was not declared incapacitated, a Regent's Council (Archduke Louis, Count Kolowrat, and Prince Metternich) steered the government.
When Ferdinand married Princess Maria Anna of Savoy, the court physician considered it unlikely that he would be able to consummate the marriage.[5] When he tried to consummate the marriage, he had five seizures. He is also remembered for his command to his cook: when told he could not have apricot dumplings (Marillenknödel) because apricots were out of season, he said "I am the Emperor, and I want dumplings!" (Template:Langx!).[6][7]
1848 Revolution
As the revolutionaries of 1848 were marching on the palace, he is supposed to have asked Metternich for an explanation. When Metternich answered that they were starting a revolution, Ferdinand is supposed to have said "But are they allowed to do that?" (Viennese German: Ja, dürfen's denn des?). He was convinced by Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg to abdicate in favour of his nephew, Franz Joseph (the next in line was Ferdinand's younger brother Franz Karl, but he was persuaded by his wife Sophie to renounce his succession rights in favour of his son), who would occupy the Austrian throne for the next 68 years.
Ferdinand recorded the events in his diary:
In retirement (1848–1875)
Ferdinand was the last King of Bohemia to be crowned as such. Due to his sympathy with Bohemia (where he spent the rest of his life in Prague Castle) he was given the Czech nickname "Ferdinand V, the Good" (Ferdinand Dobrotivý). In Austria, Ferdinand was similarly nicknamed "Ferdinand der Gütige" (Ferdinand the Benign), but also ridiculed as "Gütinand der Fertige" (Goodinand the Finished).
Ferdinand was also the last ruler to be crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in his capacity as King of Lombardy-Venetia.
He is interred in tomb number 62 in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna.
Honours
Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Ancestry
Ferdinand's parents were double first cousins as they shared all four grandparents (Francis' paternal grandparents were his wife's maternal grandparents and vice versa). Therefore, Ferdinand only had four great-grandparents, being descended from each of them twice. Further back in his ancestry there is more pedigree collapse due to the close intermarriage between the Houses of Austria and Spain and other Catholic monarchies.
See also
- Charles II of Spain (1661–1700)
- List of heirs to the Austrian throne
- Rulers of Germany family tree. He was related to every other ruler of Germany.
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Thomas Nipperdey: Deutsche Geschichte 1800-1866. Bürgerwelt und starker Staat, C.H. Beck, broschierte Sonderausgabe 1998, S. 339.
- ↑ Taylor, A. J. P.: "The Habsburg Monarchy 1809-1918" (Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1990, Template:ISBN), pp 52-53
- ↑ van der Kiste, p. 16
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ van der Kiste, John. Emperor Francis Joseph London: Sutton Publishing, 2005 Template:ISBN. p 2
- ↑ According to A.J.P. Taylor, he was in fact asking for noodles - "But it is an unacceptable pun in English for a noodle to ask for noodles" - The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918
- ↑ Regan, Geoffrey. Royal Blunders page 72
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1834), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 32, 50
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" p. 19
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Retrieved 2018-09-21.
- ↑ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1864), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 11
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- Tomáš Kleisner, "Medals of the Emperor Ferdinand the Good 1793-1875" Prague 2013 Template:ISBN
- "Biography of Emperor Ferdinand"Template:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Template:DNB-Portal
- Template:DDB
- Ferdinand I In: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Ferdinand I In: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Template:Austriaforum
- Template:Nömuseum
Template:Rulers of Austria Template:Monarchs of Bohemia Template:German monarchs Template:Hungarian kings Template:Croatian kings Template:German Confederations 1806–1871 Template:Austrian archdukes Template:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
- Pages with script errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Ferdinand I of Austria
- 1793 births
- 1875 deaths
- 19th-century emperors of Austria
- 19th-century monarchs of Bohemia
- 19th-century Hungarian monarchs
- Dukes of Opole
- Monarchs who abdicated
- House of Habsburg-Lorraine
- People of the Revolutions of 1848
- Grand masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece
- Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
- Recipients of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
- Royalty and nobility with epilepsy
- People with hydrocephalus
- 19th-century archdukes of Austria
- Burials at the Imperial Crypt
- Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
- Sons of emperors
- Children of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Habsburg monarchs of Bohemia
- Kings of Hungary
- Kings of Croatia
- Monarchs of Galicia and Lodomeria
- 18th-century Austrian people
- Austrian royalty and nobility with disabilities
- Sons of dukes
- Sons of counts