Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), also known as farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), is the precursor to all sesquiterpenes, which comprises thousands of compounds.[1] These include all sesquiterpenes as well as sterols and carotenoids.[2] It is also used in the synthesis of CoQ (part of the electron transport chain), as well as dehydrodolichol diphosphate (a precursor of dolichol, which transports proteins to the ER lumen for N-glycosylation).
Biosynthesis
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (a prenyl transferase)[3] catalyzes sequential condensation reactions of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate with 2 units of 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form farnesyl pyrophosphate:
Pharmacology
The above reactions are inhibited by bisphosphonates (used for osteoporosis).[4] Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a selective agonist of TRPV3.[5]
Related compounds
References
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