Fangshan, Beijing

Fangshan District (Template:Zh) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is situated in the southwest of Beijing, Template:Cvt away from downtown Beijing. It has an area of and a population of 1,312,778 (2020 Census).

The district administers 8 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 6 townships.

Geography

The Subdistrict area of Fangshan (population 187,667) contains an urban area, has an area of Template:Cvt and an estimated population of 200,000. Other major urban areas are Liangxiang (population estimate 110,000, 93,486 in township), Zhoukoudian (35,000, 39,877 in township), Doudian (30,000, 25,046 in township), and Liulihe (22,000, 37,936 in township).

Fangshan is situated to the east of the Taihang Mountains, with most of its territory being within Beijing's Western Hills region. The east and south of the district is a fertile plain, with a narrow hilly area running from northeast to southwest. The district has many rivers and lakes; the Juma River, Dashi River, Yongding River, and Xiaoqing River run through the district, assuring abundant water resources.

The location, climate and environment provide good conditions for agriculture. The district produces wheat, rice and various high quality fruits as well as large quantities of animal products. At the moment large investments are made for greenhouse production.

Climate

Fangshan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Fangshan is Template:Cvt. The average annual rainfall is Template:Cvt with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around Template:Cvt, and lowest in January, at around Template:Cvt.

Transportation and telecommunication

Jingguang railway and Jingyuan railway cross the district. In addition, the district is serviced by 4 branch railways and 24 railway stations. Jingshi Expressway also goes through the district. The four main roads are the Jing-Zhou, Jing-Bao, Jing-Yuan, Jing-Liang roads, with branch roads to townships and villages. The total length of roads is up to Template:Cvt. Tanggu Port in Tianjin is Template:Cvt distant. The programme-controlled telephone capacity supports 128,000 phone sets.

Metro

Fangshan is currently served by two metro lines operated by Beijing Subway:

• Template:Rint - Daotian, Changyang, Libafang, Guangyangcheng, Liangxiang University Town North, Liangxiang University Town, Liangxiang University Town West, Liangxiangnanguan, Suzhuang, Yancun East
• File:BeijingMTROA.svg - Yancun East, Zicaowu, Yancun, Xingcheng, Dashihe East, Magezhuang, Raolefu, Fangshan Chengguan, Yanshan

Suburban railway

Fangshan is also served by one suburban railway line:

• Template:Rint - Liangxiang

Administrative Divisions

As of 2025, the district contains 8 subdistricts, 14 towns, and 6 townships.

Name		Chinese (S)	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2010)	Area (km2)
Gongchen Subdistrict				132,320	24.70
Chengguan Subdistrict				96,243	51.00
Xinzhen Subdistrict				8,842	1.72
Xilu Subdistrict				64,757	10.40
Xiangyang Subdistrict				8,569	116.00
Dongfeng Subdistrict				24,321	1.40
Yingfeng Subdistrict				31,293	13.00
Xingcheng Subdistrict				21,861	0.21
Liangxiang town				18,978	33.90
Zhoukoudian town				42,840	126.00
Liulihe town				59,931	104.00
Yancun town				48,773	48.00
Doudian town				65,574	64.58
Shilou town				28,902	42.50
Changyang town				64,996	98.60
Hebei town				19,877	70.00
Changgou town				23,791	38.70
Dashiwo town				31,139	96.00
Zhangfang town				18,446	152.40
Shidu town				9,778	301.00
Qinglonghu town				44,598	95.83
Hancunhe town				39,210	100.67
Xiayunling Township				7,140	218.00
Nanjiao Township				3,739	40.00
Fozizhuang Township				8,925	150.06
Da'anshan Township				11,217	70.00
Shijiaying Township				6,300	110.00
Puwa Township				2,472	96.00

Economy

In 2017,the regional GDP of the district is 68.17 billion yuan, with GDP per capita at 59.1 thousand yuan.

Mineral resources

File:Shidu.JPG

The rugged karst landscape at Shidu.

Fangshan has 2.1 billion tons of coal reserves, which makes it a veritable “coal storehouse” in the west of Beijing; building materials resources are also present in a variety of large deposits. Marble deposits total 450 million cubic meters. A total of 17 kinds have been developed, including "Chinese white marble", "pink", "rosy cloud", and "black jade". In particular, “Chinese white marble” is famous worldwide and is regarded as a national treasure. There are also large deposits of quartzite (29 million tons); silica (28.6 million tons), granite and buhrstone, in addition to argil, mineral water and slab stones.

Industry and agriculture

File:Liao dynasty furniture.jpg

Liao Dynasty (907−1125) furniture excavated from an underground palace in Fangshan District of Beijing

Both industry and agriculture are well developed in Fangshan. Over 2300 enterprises owned by the district, townships or villages have been set up and form a complete industrial system in a variety of trades, with different grades and many kinds of products. Yanshan Petrochemical Group, one of the largest state-owned enterprises in China, is located in Fangshan District. Agriculture has developed from traditional growing and planting to integrated and full development in forestry, livestock, greenhouse horticulture and fishery. The building industry has become the backbone of the district, with annual building area reaching 6 million square meters.

The foreign-oriented economy of Fangshan has developed rapidly in recent years. By 1999, the District government had approved 345 foreign-invested enterprises. Over 20 countries and territories throughout five continents are represented. There are 100 export-oriented enterprises producing over 40 kinds of product. Liangxiang Satellite Town, approved by Beijing Municipal Government, has become a new hub of development. In 1998, the site of Fangshan People's Government moved to Liangxiang, making it the district's center of politics, economics and culture. The development Zone of Liangxiang extends favorable policies to business. Under the Ninth Five-Year Plan and Ten-year Outline, the zone will be further opened to the outside and encourage foreign investment in the following industries: electricity, machinery and electronics, instruments, textiles, printing, new building materials, new materials, new energy resources, fine chemicals, food processing, flowers, greenhouse vegetables, tourist facilities, commercial facilities and the animal industry. The zone welcomes overseas Chinese and guests from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and other countries.

Education

Tertiary:

• Yanshan Practice Base of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology

Monuments and parks

File:Yuan stone Nestorian inscription (rep).JPG

Chinese stone inscription of a Nestorian Christian Cross from a monastery of Fangshan District in Beijing (then called Dadu, or Khanbaliq), dated to the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 AD) of medieval China.

Fangshan district has a long history and many ancient sites. Best known is Zhoukoudian, location of the “Peking Man Site”, which has gained Fangshan the name of “Home of the Dragon”. The 3,000-year-old ruins of the Liulihe Site are housed in the Western Zhou Yan State Capital Museum. The famous Buddhist shrine of Yunju Temple has precious Buddhist relics, including “Sakyamuni’s Bone” and 14,278 stone slabs with sculpted Buddhist sutras. There are also the remains of the Christian (Jingjiao) Monastery of the Cross from the Yuan dynasty. There are many ancient towers, temples, town sites and other sites in Fangshan. Fangshan also has many scenic spots like Shidu’s karst landscape, the unique Stoneflower Cave and natural ancient forests in Shangfang Mountains. Ecologically, Fangshan has 554 kinds of wild plant and 22 kinds of wild animal.

Fangshan, which is part of Beijing, and neighboring Hebei, together contain Fangshan Geopark. Certified as a National Geopark, and then as a regional geopark (Asia Pacific Geopark Network), it was admitted as a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2006.

External links

• Fangshan Information Network