White Peruvians

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European Peruvians (Template:Langx), also known as White Peruvians (Template:Langx), are Peruvians of total or predominantly European ancestry (formerly called Criollos or Castizos in the viceregal era). Traditionally, this group had been more dominant in the political, commercial, and diplomatic sectors of Peruvian society. The recent 2017 census where ethnic self-identification was used, white people make up 5.9% of the total population of Perú aged 15 years and above.[2]

History

European immigration to Peru began with the Spanish colonization of the Americas and continued during the Republic of Peru in the 19th century with the immigration of people from other countries of Europe (especially, Spain, Italy,[3] Portugal,[4][5] France,[6] England and Germany, among others).[7]

Spanish

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Spanish settlement of Peru began in the early 1530s (continuing until 1821 as a viceroyalty of Spain) and continues to the present day. Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro founded the first Spanish settlement in Peru, San Miguel de Piura in July 1532.[8]Template:Rp[9] According to historian Napoleón Cieza Burga, the conquistador Diego de Almagro founded the second Spanish settlement of Trujillo in November 1534 and one of the first modern 

cities in the Americas founded by the Spanish conquistadors.[10]Template:Rp calling it "Villa Trujillo de Nueva Castilla" (Trujillo of New Castile) after Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro.[11]

Spanish cultural influence is the most notable of all European cultural groups in Peruvian culture. Spanish heritage has left an indelible mark in the country and signs of this cultural exchange can be found everywhere, from the official language, the dominant Roman Catholic religion, bullfighting, musical genres to the local culinary styles.[12]

Italians

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Among Peruvians of European descent, Italians were the second largest group of immigrants to settle in the country.[13] Italian immigration in Peru began in the colonial era, during the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru.[14] However, the peak of Italian immigrants occurred after Peruvian independence, between 1840 and 1880, with the guano export boom.[15]

British

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". One cultural influence is Inca Kola, a soft drink that was created in Peru in 1935 by an English immigrant Joseph Robinson Lindley. In 1911, in Rímac, one of Lima's oldest and most traditional neighborhoods, an English family began a small bottling company under their family name, Lindley. In 1928, the company was formally chartered in Peru as Corporación José R. Lindley S.A., whereupon Joseph R. Lindley became its first General Manager.[16][17][18][19] Today it is still a family business with the great-grandson Johnny Lindley Suarez being the current president.[20]

Danish

[21]

Many Danes migrated to South America, mostly to Argentina but also to chile and Peru. Many Danes were residing in Peru during the immigrants census of 1922. One of the first Danes in the country was Jorgen Rasmussen (entered the country in 1864). His contributions to the building of the electrical system in Peru were commemorated with a plaque in the electricity museum.

Geographical distribution

File:PPK siendo censado.jpg
The 66th President of Peru Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, of Polish-Jewish and Swiss-French descent, responded blanco (white) for the 2017 census' question on habits and ancestors.[22]
File:Rafael López Aliaga 2024.jpg
Current Mayor of Lima.

According to the 2017 census 5.9% or 1.3 million (1,336,931) people 12 years of age and above self-identified as white.[2] There were 619,402 (5.5%) males and 747,528 (6.3%) females. This was the first time a question for ethnic origins had been asked. The regions with the highest proportion of self-identified whites were in La Libertad Region (10.5%), Tumbes Region and Lambayeque Region (9.0% each), Piura Region (8.1%), Callao (7.7%), Cajamarca Region (7.5%), Lima Province (7.2%), Lima Region (6.0%), Ica Region and Ancash Region (5.8% each), and Arequipa Region (4.9%).[2][23]

File:MajuMantillaHuanchaco.jpg
María Julia Mantilla (Miss World 2004) from La Libertad, a region with the highest proportion who self-identify as white.
Population by region, 2017[2]
Region Population %
File:Bandera de La Libertad Peru.svg La Libertad 144,606 10.5%
File:Bandera de Tumbes.svg Tumbes 15,383 9.0%
File:Flag of Lambayeque Department.svg Lambayeque 83,908 9.0%
File:Bandera de Piura.svg Piura 114,682 8.1%
File:Bandera del Callao.svg Callao 61,576 7.7%
File:Bandera de Cajamarca.svg Cajamarca 76,953 7.5%
Template:Flagicon Lima Province 507,039 7.2%
File:Lima region flag.svg Lima 43,074 6.0%
File:Bandera Región Ica.svg Ica 38,119 5.8%
File:Bandera Ancash.svg Ancash 49,175 5.8%
Template:Flagicon Arequipa 55,093 4.9%
File:Amazonas bandera.svg Amazonas 12,470 4.4%
File:Flag of Huánuco.svg Huánuco 24,130 4.4%
File:Bandera Región San Martín.svg San Martín 24,516 4.0%
File:Flag of Moquegua.svg Moquegua 5,703 4.0%
File:Flag of Pasco Department.svg Pasco 7,448 3.8%
File:Flag of Junin.svg Junín 34,700 3.6%
File:Flag of Madre de Dios Department.svg Madre de Dios 3,444 3.3%
File:Flag of Tacna.svg Tacna 8,678 3.2%
File:Bandera de Ucayali.svg Ucayali 8,283 2.3%
File:Flag of Ayacucho.svg Ayacucho 9,516 2.0%
File:Huancavelica Flag (PERU).png Huancavelica 5,222 2.0%
File:Bandera Región Loreto.svg Loreto 11,884 1.9%
File:Flag of Cusco (2021).svg Cusco 12,458 1.3%
File:Bandera Región Apurimac.svg Apurímac 3,034 1.0%
File:Bandera Región Puno.svg Puno 5,837 0.6%
Template:Flagicon Republic of Peru 1,336,931 5.9%

Origins

The following European ethnic backgrounds form the majority of white Peruvians: Spanish, Italian, German (includes Poles due to the partitions of Poland), French, British, Croatian, Irish Mexican Peruvian, Danish and Romanian Peruvian. Peru is also home to some 2,600 Jews, whose ancestors came (mainly) from Germany, Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Moldova and Russia, among others.[24]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Hemming, J., 1970, The Conquest of the Incas, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., Template:ISBN
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ History of How the Spaniards Arrived in Peru: Relasçion de como los ... - By Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Catherine J. Julien
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Template:White people Template:Ethnic groups in Peru

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