Eupalinos
Eupalinos (Template:Langx) or Eupalinus of Megara was an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos Island[1]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript in the late 6th century BC.[1]Template:R/superscript Though the construction of the tunnel has been attributed to the tyrant Polycrates of Samos,[1]Template:R/superscript it is now considered to be a later construction and having been built between 550 and 530 BC.[3]Template:R/superscript In any case, the tunnel was, and is, regarded as a major feat of engineering.[3]Template:R/superscript
The tunnel Template:Cvt longScript error: No such module "Unsubst". conveyed water from a spring near Mount Kastro through the mountain into the ancient city of Samos (modern Pythagoreio).[3]Template:R/superscript[1]Template:R/superscript It was the longest one of its timeScript error: No such module "Unsubst". and it still exists. The tunnel was excavated from both ends,[1]Template:R/superscript[4]Template:R/superscript but it is not the first one known to be built in this manner -- a tunnel channeling water to Jerusalem was built from both ends at the same time earlier, in the 8th century BC.[4]Template:R/superscript
The route of the tunnel does not follow a direct line -- for several hundred meters on both ends, it does follow a straight line, but in the middle third, there are several turns.[1]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript Additionally, the tunnel has two parts: A main tunnel and a trench running along the left side of the main tunnel.[1]Template:R/superscript The main tunnel is Template:Cvt square in cross-section.[1]Template:R/superscript And, while the main tunnel is horizontal, the trench gets progressively deeper with an average gradient of 0.4% and gets from Template:Cvt deep.[1]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript On the bottom of the trench ran a terracotta pipeline carrying the water.[1]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript
Eupalinos is considered the first hydraulic engineer in history whose name has been passed down. Apart from that, though, nothing more is known about him.[5]
Efpalinos Tunnel, a road tunnel built under the Geraneia mountains in Corinthia and completed in 2017, is named after Eupalinos.
See also
References
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Further reading
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External links
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- Dan Hughes: The Tunnel of Eupalinos
- Tom M. Apostol: The Tunnel of Samos (HTML)
- The Eupalinian aqueduct by the Greek Ministry of Culture
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