List of ethnic groups in China

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File:Ethnolinguistic map of China 1983.png
Ethnolinguistic map of China
File:中国各自治地区及其指定的少数民族 China's Autonomous Regions and its Designated Ethnic Minority.png
China's Autonomous Regions and its Designated Ethnic Minority

The Han people are the largest ethnic group in mainland China. In 2010, 91.51% of the population were classified as Han (~1.2 billion).[1]Template:Update inline Besides the Han Chinese majority, 55 other ethnic (minority) groups are categorized in present-day China, numbering approximately 105 million people (8%), mostly concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest but with some in central interior areas.

The major ethnic minorities in China are the Zhuang (19.6 million), Hui (11.4 million), Uyghurs (11 million), Miao (11 million), Manchus (10.4 million), Yi (9.8 million), Tujia (9.6 million), Tibetans (7 million), Mongols (6.3 million), Buyei (3.5 million), Dong (3.5 million), Yao (3.3 million), Bai (2 million), Koreans (1.7 million), Hani (1.7 million), Li (1.6 million), Kazakhs (1.5 million), and Dai (1.2 million).[2] At least 126,000 people from Canada, the United States and Europe are living in mainland China.[3] In addition, there are a number of unrecognized ethnic groups which together comprise over 730,000 people. Collectively, the ethnic groups of China are referred to as the Zhonghua minzu (Template:Lang-zh). However, being part of the Zhonghua minzu (i.e. being part of one of the 56 ethnic groups) does not necessarily mean one must have Chinese nationality (Template:Lang-zh) or be loyal to the People's Republic of China.

Officially recognized groups

Officially recognized ethnic groups receive or have received certain benefits over Han Chinese under the regional ethnic autonomy system, including affirmative action, exemptions from the one-child policy, designated seats in political organs and government support to preserve their culture. Ethnic minority autonomous areas receive additional state subsidies.[4][5] Languages of officially recognized minorities are used in official government documents.[6]Template:Non-primary source needed

Soon after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, 39 ethnic groups were recognized by the first national census in 1954. This further increased to 54 by the second national census in 1964, with the Lhoba people added in 1965. The last change was the addition of the Jino people in 1979, bringing the number of recognized ethnic groups to the current 56. The following are the 56 ethnic groups (listed by population) officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.[7]

English NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Standard RomanizationScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". CodeTemplate:EfnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Simplified ChineseScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Mandarin PinyinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2020 National SharesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2020 PopulationTemplate:EfnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2010 PopulationTemplate:EfnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2000 PopulationTemplate:EfnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1990 PopulationTemplate:EfnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Year of recognitionTemplate:EfnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Han ChineseTemplate:Efn Han HA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 91.1098% 1,284,446,389 1,220,844,520 1,139,773,008 1,042,482,187 1954
Zhuang Zhuang ZH Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 1.3801% 19,568,546 16,926,381 16,187,163 15,489,630 1954
Uyghur Uygur UG Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.8352% 11,774,538 10,069,346 8,405,416 7,214,431 1954
HuiTemplate:Efn Hui HU Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.8070% 11,377,914 10,586,087 9,828,126 8,602,978 1954
MiaoTemplate:Efn Miao MH Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.7851% 11,067,929 9,426,007 8,945,538 7,398,035 1954
Manchu Man MA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.7394% 10,423,303 10,387,958 10,708,464 9,821,180 1954
Yi Yi YI Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.6973% 9,830,327 8,714,393 7,765,858 6,572,173 1954
Tujia Tujia TJ Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.6801% 9,587,732 8,353,912 8,037,014 5,704,223 1964
TibetanTemplate:Efn Zang ZA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.5008% 7,060,731 6,282,187 5,422,954 4,593,330 1954
Mongol Mongol MG Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.4461% 6,290,204 5,981,840 5,827,808 4,806,849 1954
Bouyei Bouyei BY Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.2537% 3,576,752 2,870,034 2,973,217 2,545,059 1954
DongTemplate:Efn Dong DO Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.2480% 3,495,993 2,879,974 2,962,911 2,514,014 1954
Yao Yao YA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.2347% 3,309,341 2,796,003 2,638,878 2,134,013 1954
Bai Bai BA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.1484% 2,091,543 1,933,510 1,861,895 1,594,827 1954
HaniTemplate:Efn Hani HN Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.1229% 1,733,166 1,660,932 1,440,029 1,253,952 1954
Korean Chosŏn CS Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.1207% 1,702,479 1,830,929 1,929,696 1,920,597 1954
Li Li LI Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.1136% 1,602,104 1,463,064 1,248,022 1,110,900 1954
Kazakh Kazak KZ Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.1108% 1,562,518 1,462,588 1,248,022 1,110,900 1954
DaiTemplate:Efn Dai DA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0943% 1,329,985 1,261,311 1,159,231 1,025,128 1954
Lisu Lisu LS Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0541% 762,296 702,839 635,101 574,856 1954
She She SH Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0529% 746,385 708,651 710,039 630,378 1964
Dongxiang Dongxiang DX Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0550% 774,947 621,500 513,826 373,872 1954
Gelao Gelao GL Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0481% 677,521 550,746 579,744 437,997 1964
Lahu Lahu LH Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0354% 499,167 485,966 453,765 411,476 1954
Sui Sui SU Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0352% 495,928 411,847 407,000 345,993 1954
Wa Wa WA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0306% 430,997 429,709 396,709 351,974 1954
NakhiTemplate:Efn Naxi NX Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0230% 323,767 326,295 309,477 278,009 1954
Qiang Qiang QI Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0222% 312,981 309,576 306,476 198,252 1954
Tu Tu TU Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0200% 281,928 289,565 241,593 191,624 1954
MulaoTemplate:Efn Mulao ML Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0197% 277,233 216,257 207,464 159,328 1964
Kyrgyz Kirgiz KG Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0145% 204,402 186,708 160,875 141,549 1954
Xibe Xibe XB Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0136% 191,911 190,481 189,357 172,847 1954
Salar Salar SL Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0117% 165,159 130,607 104,521 87,697 1954
JingpoTemplate:Efn Jingpo JP Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0114% 160,471 147,828 132,158 119,209 1954
Daur Daur DU Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0094% 132,299 131,992 132,747 121,357 1964
Blang Blang BL Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0090% 127,345 119,639 91,891 82,280 1964
MaonanTemplate:Efn Maonan MN Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0088% 124,092 101,192 107,184 71,968 1964
TajikTemplate:Efn Tajik TA Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0036% 50,896 51,069 41,056 33,538 1954
Pumi Pumi PM Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0032% 45,012 42,861 33,628 29,657 1964
Achang Achang AC Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0031% 43,775 39,555 33,954 27,708 1964
Nu Nu NU Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0026% 36,575 37,523 28,770 27,123 1964
Evenki Ewenki EW Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0025% 34,617 30,875 30,545 26,315 1954
VietnameseTemplate:Efn Gin GI Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0024% 33,112 28,199 22,584 18,915 1964
Jino Jino JN Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0018% 26,025 23,143 20,899 18,021 1979
Bonan Bonan BO Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0017% 24,434 20,074 16,505 12,212 1954
De'angTemplate:Efn Deang DE Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0016% 22,354 20,556 17,935 15,462 1964
Russian Russ RS Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0011% 16,136 15,393 15,631 13,504 1954
Yugur Yugur YG Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0010% 14,706 14,378 13,747 12,297 1954
Uzbek Uzbek UZ Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0009% 12,742 10,569 12,423 14,502 1954
Monba Monba MB Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0008% 11,143 10,561 8,928 7,475 1964
Oroqen Oroqen OR Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0007% 9,168 8,659 8,216 6,965 1954
Derung Derung DR Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0005% 7,310 6,930 7,431 5,816 1964
NanaiTemplate:Efn Hezhen HZ Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0004% 5,373 5,354 4,664 4,245 1964
Lhoba Lhoba LB Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0003% 4,237 3,682 2,970 2,312 1965
Tatars Tatar TT Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0003% 3,544 3,556 4,895 4,873 1954
GaoshanTemplate:Efn Gaoshan GS Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0002% 3,479 4,009 4,488 2,909 1954
Undistinguished — none Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0593% 836,488 640,101 734,438 749,341 —
Naturalized Citizen — none Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". 0.0012% 16,595 1,448 941 3,421 —

Template:Notelist

Unlisted ethnic groups

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The following ethnic groups living in China are not recognized by the Chinese government:

During the Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China held in 2000, 734,438 people on the mainland were recorded as belonging to "undistinguished ethnic groups"—of these, 97% resided in Guizhou.[11]Template:Update inline

Hong Kong and Macau

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Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions within China. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. Minority groups such as Western Europeans (mainly English and Portuguese), and Southern or Southeastern Asians (mainly Filipinos, Indians, Indonesians, Nepalese, and Pakistanis) live in Hong Kong.[12] Macau's main ethnic groups are of Chinese and Portuguese descent, but other ethnicities also live in the territory.[13]

Gallery

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ 第五次人口普查数据(2000年). 表1—6. 省、自治区、直辖市分性别、民族的人口 Template:Webarchive ( Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2000). Table 1-6: Population of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities by ethnicity). Template:In lang
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

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